MPBSE Class 10 Biology Excretion Question and Answers

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MPBSE Class 10 Science Excretion Question and Answers

Question 1. (1) Name the part that (A) Produces urine and (B) Releases urine to the outside.

(2) What is the main toxic waste kidney filters from blood?

(3) Name any two substances which are selectively reabsorbed from the tubules of a nephron.
Answer:

  1.  (A) Kidney (B) Urethra
  2.  Main Toxic Substance. Urea.
  3.  Selectively Reabsorbed. Glucose, amino acids.

Question 2. (1) How is urine produced?

(2) Name two excretory products of plants other than Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
Answer:

  1. Production of Urine. It occurs through ultrafiltration of blood in renal or Malpighian capsules, reabsorption of useful substances (glucose, amino acids, salts, water) from the filtrate in PCT, tubular secretion of remaining wastes in DCT, and ADH-mediated concentration in collecting tubules.
  2.  Alkaloids, tannins, resin, gum.

Question 3. (1) Write the important function of the structural and functional unit of the kidney.

(2) Write one function of an artificial kidney.
Answer:

  1. Function of Nephron. It takes part in the ultrafiltration of blood, reabsorption of useful materials in PCT, and selective secretion of remaining wastes in the area of the DCT.
  2. Artificial Kidney. It is specialized in removing toxins, urea, uric acid, and other wastes from the body of a person suffering from a damaged kidney.

Class 10 Biology Excretion Questions And Answers

Question 4. (1) Explain the excretory system in human beings.

(2) List four strategies used by plants for excretion.
Answer:

(1) The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.

  • Kidneys are reddish-brown bean-shaped structures present in the lower abdomen, one on each side of the vertebral column. In the concave hilum part of the kidney enters a waste-laden renal artery. The renal vein and ureter come out of the same.
  • Each kidney has about a million nephrons. They are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Each nephron has a renal or Malpighian capsule and a renal tubule. Blood is filtered in the region of the Malpighian capsule.
  • It produces primary urine. Useful substances present in the primary urinary are reabsorbed in the PCT part of the uriniferous tubule. Residual waste products are poured into the urine in the DCT part of the nephron. Nephrons pour the urine into the collecting tubule where it may be further concentrated.
  • Ureters are narrow distensible tubes that carry urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a pear-shaped distensible sac that stores urine. It has the capacity to store urine up to 700 to 800 ml.
  • As the urinary bladder reaches the halfway mark, an urge for micturition begins to appear. The urethra carries the urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.

(2) Strategies for Excretion in Plants

  • Oxygen during the daytime and carbon dioxide at night pass out of the plants through diffusion.
  • Secondary metabolites like alkaloids, organic acids, and tannins collect in old dying leaves which later fall off.
  • Waste products such as tannins, resins, and others pass into the bark which is peeled off periodically.
  • Resins, gums, and tannins are also deposited in old non-functional xylem.

Human Excretory System Class 10 Questions

Question 5. State the function of the renal artery, kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder In Hum, an Excretory System
Answer:

Renal Artery. It brings oxygenated blood laden with waste products into the kidney.

Kidney. Separation and elimination of nitrogenous and other waste products, regulation of water balance, regulation of blood pressure and pH.

Ureter. Carrying of urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Urinary Bladder. Temporary storage of urine and helping in voiding the same.

Question 6. (1) Define excretion. (2) Name the basic filtration unit in the kidney. (3) Draw the excretory system in human beings and label the organs that perform the following function : (A) Forms urine, (B) Is a long tube that collects urine from the kidney
Answer:

  1. Excretion. It is the removal of metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess salts from the body.
  2. Basic filtration Unit Nephrons or uriniferous tubule.

Question 7. Name the organs that form the excretory system in human beings.
Answer:

A pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.

Question 8. (1) Describe the structure and function of the basic unit of the kidney.

(2) List two factors on which the reabsorption of water from urine depends.
Answer:

  1. Nephron.
  2. (A) Amount of excess water and wastes (B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Excretory System Class 10 Mcqs

Question 9. Write one main function for each of the labeled parts.
Answer:

  1. Kidney. Urine formation. Ureter. Transport of urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
  2. Urinary Bladder. Stores urine. Urethra. Throws out urine or micturition.

Question 10. (1) How do the leaves of plants help in excretion? Explain briefly.

(2) Describe the structure and function of the nephron.
Answer:

(1) (A) Passage of O2 during daytime

(B) Transpiration of excess water

(C) Passage of CO2 during night

(D) Storage of secondary metabolites and waste products which are disposed of when the old leaves fall off.

(2) Nephron

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