NEET Biology Muscular System Multiple-Choice Questions

Question 1. Abductors Are Antagonists Of :

1. Adductors
2. Extensors
3. Tlexois
4. None Of These.

Answer: 1. Adductors

Question 2. The Non Striated Muscles are also referred to As The :

1. Cardiac Muscle
2. Voluntary Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle
4. Involuntary Muscle.

Answer: 4. Involuntary Muscle.

Question 3. Fach Satvomcrc Consists Of Regularly Arranged Thick And Thin:

1. Carbohydrate Filaments
2. Fat Filaments
3. Protein Filaments
4. Vitamin Filaments.

Answer:  3. Protein Filaments

Question 4. The Dark Band Of The Protein Filament Is Called The :

1. Anisotropic Band
2. Isotonic Band
3. Isometric Band
4. Isotropic Band.

Answer: 1. Anisotropic Band

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question and Answers

Question 5. The Light Band Of The Protein Filament Is Called The :

1. Isotaipic Band
2. Isotonic Band
3. Isometric Band
4. Anisotropic Band.

Answer: 1. Isotaipic Band

Muscular System MCQs For NEET

Question 6. The Term ‘Refractory Period’ Concerning Muscle Tissue Refers To :

1. A Period When Stimulation Does Not Lead To Contraction
2. A Period When Maximal Contraction Occurs
3. Time Gap Between Application Of Stimulus And Occurrence Of Contraction
4. Loss Of Translucency In Muscle Fibres Due To Death Of Animal.

Answer: 1. A Period When Stimulation Does Not Lead To Contraction

Question 7. The Largest Muscle Of The Body Is :

1. Biceps
2. Gluteus Maximus
3. Triceps
4. Quadriceps.

Answer: 2. Gluteus Maximus

Question 8. Cori’s Cycle Operates In :

1. Liver
2. Liver And Muscles
3. Nerve
4. Muscles.

Answer: 2. Liver And Muscles

Question 9. The Muscle Used In Straightening A Limb Is Called :

1. Elevator
2. Flexor
3. Extensor
4. Depressor.

Answer: 3. Extensor

Question 10. Heart Beat Is Controlled By Specialized Muscles Whose Fibres Are Called :

1. Purkinje Fibres
2. Myonemes
3. Telodendria
4. Collagen Fibres.

Answer: 1. Purkinje Fibres

Muscular System MCQs For NEET

Question 11. Rigor Mortis Is Due To :

1. Leakage Of Calcium Out Of The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum After Death
2. Lack Of ATP
3. Death Of The Motor Neuron
4. Loss Of Electrical Potential Difference Across The Sarcolemma.

Answer: 2. Lack Of ATP

Question 12. The Extent Of Contraction Of A Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Is Controlled By :

1. Interaction Of Excitatory And Inhibitory Nervous Input To Individual Fibres
2. Contraction Of Some Sacromeres In A Muscle Fibre But Not Others
3. Contraction Of Some Entire Muscle Fibres While Others Remain Relaxed
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 3. Contraction Of Some Entire Muscle Fibres While Others Remain Relaxed

Question 13. Krause’s Membrane Is:

1. Z-Disc
2. Sarcolemma
3. T-System
4. Neuromuscular Junction.

Answer: 1. Z-Disc

Question 14. Muscle Fatigue Is Due To Accumulation Of:

1. Adp
2. HCL
3. 1actic Acid
4. Creatine.

Answer: 3.  1actic Acid

Question 15. Which One Of The Following Proteins Is Both Structural And Enzymatic?

1. Actin
2. Troponin
3. Myosin
4. Trypsin.

Answer: 2. Troponin

NEET Biology Muscular System Questions

Question 16. Muscles Arc Derived From Embryonic :

1. Endoderm
2. Ectoderm
3. Mesoderm
4. All Of These.

Answer: 3. Mesoderm

Question 17. The Immediate Source Of Energy For Muscle Contraction Is:

1. NADH₂
2. ATP
3. Glucose
4. Pyruvic Acid.

Answer: 2. ATP

Question 18. For Each Phase Below, Give The, Type (S) Of Muscle That Show The Characteristic :

A. Syncytial                                                           1. Cardiac

B. Innervated By Autonomic Nervous System      2. Skeletal

C. Can Contract Without Nervous Stimulation     3. Smooth

D. Typically Found In Sheets Rather In Bundles.

Select The Correct Combinations :

1. A-2,  B-2,3,   C-1,   D-3
2. A-2,  B-1,     C-3,    D-2
3. A-2,  B-1,3   C-1,    D-3
4. A-3,  B-1,     C-1,3   D-3.

Answer: 1. A-2,  B-2,3,  C-1,  D-3

Question 19. Striated Muscles Contract By :

1. Sliding Of Actin Filament Upon Myosin Filaments
2. Sliding Of Myosin Filaments Upon Actin Filaments
3. Pulling Together Of Myosin’filaments
4. Pulling Together Of Actin Filaments.

Answer: 1. Sliding Of Actin Filament Upon Myosin Filaments

Question 20. Heart Muscles Are Called :

1. Skeletal
2. Visceral
3. Cardiac
4. Smooth.

Answer: 3. Cardiac

NEET Biology Muscular System Questions

Question 21. A Striped Muscle Fibre Has:

1. No Nucleus
2. Many Nuclei
3. Two Nuclei
4. One Nucleus.

Answer: 2. Many Nuclei

Question 22. What Happens To The Muscle Due To Strenuous Exercise?

1. Glucose Is Converted To Glycogen
2. Fat Is Converted To Protein.
3. Glucose Is Converted To Protein
4. Pyruvic Acid Is Converted Intojuetic Acid.

Answer: 4. Pyruvic Acid Is Converted Intojuetic Acid.

Question 23. Strongest Muscles In Human Body Are Found In :

1. Jaws
2. Thighs
3. Neck
4. Hands.

Answer: 1. Jaws

Question 24. Cardiac Muscles Are Striped Muscles With Fibres Being :

1. Syncytial And Voluntary
2. Multinucleated And Involuntary
3. Nucleated Aiul Voluntary
4. Nucleated And Involuntary.

Answer: 1. Syncytial And Voluntary

Questions Question 25. Cardiac Muscles Contract :

1. Slowly And Get Fatigued
2. Quickly And Gel Fatigued
3. Slowly And Do Not Get Fatigued
4. Quickly And Do Not Gel Fatigue.

Answer: 4. Quickly And Do Not Gel Fatigued

NEET Biology Muscular System Questions

Question 26. The Muscles Which Bring About The Movements Of The Body Are :

1. Smooth
2. Striated
3. Cardiac
4. Smooth And Striated Both.

Answer: 2. Striated

Question 27. The Distance Or Length Of The Myofibril Between Two Adjacent Z-Bands Is Called :

1. Sarcomere
2. Sarcolemma
3. Fibril
4. Sarcoplasm.

Answer: 1. Sarcomere

Question 28. The Smallest Functional Unit Of Striated Muscles Is Called :

1. Sarcomere
2. Myosin
3. Neurilemma
4. ATP-Molecule.

Answer: 1. Sarcomere

Question 29. In A Relaxed Fibril, H-Zone—A Lighter Region Of Low Density Can Be Seen In The Centre Of:

1. Anisotropic Or A-Band
2. Isotropic Or I-Band
3. Z-Band.
4. Both In A And I-Bands.

Answer: 1.  Anisotropic Or A-Band

Question 30. The Myofilaments Which Make A Myofibril Are :

1. Only Primary Or Thick
2. Only Secondary Or Thin
3. Both Primary And Secondary
4. Medullated.

Answer: 3. Both Primary And Secondary

Question 31. The Number Of Secondary Filaments That Surround A Primary Filament In A Myofibril Is :

1. 4
2. 6
3. 8
4. 10.

Answer: 2. 6

Human Muscular System NEET MCQs

Question 32. The Dark Bands In A Myofibril Are Due To Overlapping Of:

1. Only Thick Bands
2. Only Thin Bands.
3. Both Thick And Thin Bands
4. None Of The Above.

Answer: 3. Both Thick And Thin Bands

Question 33. The Light Bands In A Myofibril Are Due To The Overlapping Of:

1. Primary Bands
2. Secondary Bands
3. Both Primary And Secondary Bands
4. None Of The Above.

Answer: 2. Secondary Bands

Question 34. The Special Contractile Protein Actin Is Found In :

1. Thick Filaments Of A-Bands
2. Thin Filaments Of I-Bands
3. Both Thick And Thin Filaments
4. Whole Of Myofibril.

Answer: 2. Thin Filaments Of I-Bands

Question 35. The Thick Filaments Of A-Bands Contain A Special Contractile Protein Called :

1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Ossein
4. Both Actin And Myosin.

Answer: 2. Myosin

Muscle Locomotion and Movement Class Biology MCQ Question 36. The Cross-Bridges In A Myofibril Arise As The Heads Of Molecules Of:

1. Lyosin
2. Actin
3. Tropomyosin
4. Elastin.

Answer: 1. Lyosin

Question 37. The Lime Interval Between Two Subsequent Contractions Of A Muscle Fibre During Which A Muscle Fibre Does Not Respond To A Stimulus Is Called :

1. Incubation Period
2. Refractory Period
3. Gestation Period
4. Excitatory Period.

Answer: 2. Refractory Period

Human Muscular System NEET MCQs

Question 38. The Simple, Single Muscular Contraction Caused By A Single Short Stimulus Is Called :

1. Tendon
2. Twitch
3. Refractory Period
4. Tetanus.

Answer: 2. Twitch

Question 39. The Smooth Sustained Contraction Of A Muscle Due To the Fusion Of Many Twitches Is Called :

1. Tendon
2. Tetanus
3. Muscular Fatigue
4. Rigor Mortis.

Answer: 2. Tetanus

Question 40. The Contraction Of Muscles After Death Is Called :

1. Rigor Mortis
2. Tetanus
3. Twitch
4. Refraction.

Answer: 1. Rigor Mortis

Question 41. The Diminished Muscular Contraction Ability As A Result Of Prolonged Stimulation Is Called :

1. Twitch
2. Muscle Fatigue
3. Tetanus
4. Rigor Mortis.

Answer: 2. Muscle Fatigue

Question 42. The Muscular Contraction In Which The Tension Of The Muscle Increases Sharply, Length Of the Muscle Remains The Same And No Mechanical Work Is Done Is Called :

1. Isotonic Contraction
2. Tetanus
3. Isometric Contraction
4. Twitch.

Answer: 3. Isometric Contraction

NEET Previous Year Questions On Muscular System

Question 43. The Muscular Contraction In Which The Tension Remains The Same And The Mechanical Work Is Also Done Is Called :

1. Isotonic Contraction
2. Tetanus
3. Isometric Contraction
4. Single-Muscle Twitch.

Answer: 1. Isotonic Contraction

Question 44. The Muscular Fatigue Is Due To The :

1. Lack Of ATP and Lactic Acid
2. Lack Of Glycogen Atp And Lactic Acid
3. Lack Of Lactic Acid And Glycogen
4. Lack Of Glycogen, Atp And Excess Of Lactic Acid.

Answer: 4. Lack Of Glycogen, Atp And Excess Of Lactic Acid

Muscle Locomotion and Movement Class Biology MCQ Question 45. Polio Disease Is A Viral Disease Common In Children. It Affects :

1. Skeleton
2. Nervous System
3. Muscles And Spinal Cord
4. Skeleton And Nervous System.

Answer: 3. Muscles And Spinal Cord

Question 46. Which One Of The Following Acts As Phosphagen In The Vertebrates?

1. Phosphocrcatinc
2. Atp
3. Phosphoric Acid
4. Phosphoaigininc.

Answer: 1. Phosphocrcatinc

Question  47. The Total Weight Of Muscles In An Adult Male Is ;

1. 10 Kg.
2. 30 Kg
3. 50 Kg.
4. 70 Kg

Answer: 2. 30 Kg

NEET Previous Year Questions On Muscular System

Question 48. Minimum Strength Of Stimulus Required To Initiate Muscle Contraction Is :

1. Twitch
2. Threshold
3. Tetany
4. Rigor Mortis.

Answer: 2. Threshold

Question 49.  Biochemical Changes During Muscle Contraction Were Explained By :

1. Huxley And Huxley
2. Huxley. Huxley And Hansen
3. Bohr
4. Albert Szent-Gyorgi.

Answer: 4. Albert Szent-Gyorgi.

Question 50. Contraction Of Which Muscle Draws A Limb Towards Body Line?

1. Abductor
2. Hansen
3. Adductor
4. Triceps

Answer: 3. Adductor

Question 51. The Erect Posture Of A Man Against Gravity Is Constantly Maintained By :

1. Back
2. Biceps
3. Red Muscles
4. Triceps.

Answer: 3. Red Muscles

Question 52. The Fundamental, Repeating Unit Of Skeletal Myofibril Is The :

1. Motor Unit
2. Myosin Cross Bridge
3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
4. Sarcomeres

Answer: 4. Sarcomeres

Question 53. A Contraction Cycle (Muscle Twitch) Consists Of:

1. A Latent Period
2. A Contraction Period
3. A Relaxation Period
4. All The Above.

Answer: 4. All The Above.

NEET Previous Year Questions On Muscular System

Question 54. In Muscle Contraction, Sarcomeres Become Shorter. Which Of The Following Does Not Occur In This Process?

1. Z Lines Come Closer
2. A Bands Shorten
3. I Bands Shorten
4. H Zones Become Narrow.

Answer: 2. A Bands Shorten

MCQ on Muscular System Question 55. According To The Now Established Siiding Filamentmodel Of Muscle Contraction, The Molecules That Move To Shorteii A Muscle Are :

1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Collagen
4. Creatine Phosphate

Answer: 1. Actin

Question 56. The Neurotransmitter Between A Motor Neuron And Muscle Cell Is :

1. Serotonin
2. Endorphin
3. Dopamine
4. Acetylcholine

Answer: 4. Acetylcholine

Question 57. During Muscle Contraction:

1. Chemical Energy Is Changed Into Electrical Energy
2. Chemical Energy Is Changed Into Mechanical Energy
3. Chemical Energy Is Changed Into Physical Energy
4. Mechanical Energy Is Changed Into Chemical

Answer: 2. Chemical Energy Is Changed Into Mechanical Energy

Question 58. The Ions That Help In Biochemical Events In Muscle Contraction Are :

1. Na⁺ And K⁺⁺
2. Na⁺ And Ca⁺⁺
3. Ca⁺⁺ And Mg₄⁺⁺
4. Na⁺ And Mg⁺⁺.

Answer:  3. Ca⁺⁺ And Mg₄⁺⁺

NEET Previous Year Questions On Muscular System

Question 59. What  Is Not True Of The Primary  Or Thicker Myofilaments?

1. Composed Of Myosin
2. Confined To A Bunds
3. Hem Cross Bridges
4. Joined At Both Ends.

Answer: 4. Joined At Both Ends.

MCQ on Muscular System Question 60. The Ion That Must Lie Present For Binding Of Cross Bridges Is :

1. Ca⁺⁺
2. Na⁺
3. Fe⁺⁺
4. K⁺

Answer:  1. Ca⁺⁺

Question 61. A Body Muscle Is Enclosed By A Sheath Called :

1. Endomysium
2. Perimysium
3. Epimysium
4. Fibroiis Capsule

Answer:  3. Epimysium

Question 62. When Muscle Remains In A Prolonged Contraction, It Is Called:

1. Convulsion
2. Muscle Twitch
3. Tetanus
4. Poliomyelitis.

Answer: 3. Tetanus

Question 63. Sliding Filament Theory Of’musclc Contraction Was Proposed By :

1. Huxley
2. Hansen
3. Bohr
4. Huxley, Huxley And Hansen

Answer: 4. Huxley, Huxley And Hansen

Question 64. Red Muscles Are Found On The Human

1. Back
2. Thorax
3. Abdomen
4. Head

Answer: 1. Back

NEET Chapter-wise MCQs On Muscles

Question 65. Fore Arm Is Brought Towards Upper Arm By

1. Supinator Muscle
2. Depress Or Muscles
3. Biceps
4. Triceps.

Answer: 3. Biceps

Question 66. The instrument Used To Record The Muscle Twitch Is :

1. Myograph
2. Kymograph
3. Electrocardiograph
4. Phonograph

Answer: 2. Kymograph

Question 67. Parapodia Are Locomotory Organs Of:

1. Earthworm
2. Lumbricus
3. Leech
4. Nereis

Answer: 4. Nereis

Question 68. Atlas-Axis Joint Is :

1. Hinge Joint
2. Pivot Joint
3. Angular Joint
4. Saddle Joint

Answer: 2. Pivot Joint

Question 69. Locomotion In Star Fish Occurs By :

1. Tentacles
2. Flagella
3. Tube Feet
4. Pseudopodia.

Answer: 3. Tube Feet

NEET Chapter-wise MCQs On Muscles

Question 70. Which Muscles Move The Fore’limb?

1. Triceps Brachii
2. Dorsal Scapularis
3. Latis Sinus Dorsi
4. Brachialis.

Answer: 4. Brachialis.

Question 71. In Birds Which Flight Muscle Is Well Developed?

1. Alary
2. Biceps
3. Gastrocnemius
4. Pectoralis Major.

Answer: 4. Pectoralis Major.

Question 72. Intercostal Muscles Are Found In :

1. Fingers
2. Thoracic Ribs
3. Femur
4. Radio-Ulna.

Answer: 2. Thoracic Ribs

Question 73. Skeletal Or Striped Muscles Art

1. Multinucleated, Cylindrical
2. Syncytial
3. Having Large Number Of Sarcosomes
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 4. All Of The Above

Question 74. In Muscle Fibres The Endoplasmic Reticulum Is Known As:

1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.
2. Poorly Developed
3. Irregular In Shape
4. Seen Only During Protein Synthesis.

Answer: 1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 75. Biceps Muscle Connects Humerus With :

1. Radius
2. Ulna
3. Scapula
4. Pectoral Girdle

Answer: 1. Radius

Question 76. Smooth Muscles Air Pirsent In The :

1. Ciliary Body
2. Dermis
3. Iris
4. All Of These

Answer: 4. All OF These

NEET Chapter-wise MCQs On Muscles

Question 77. The Functional Unit Of The Contiaetlle System In The Striped Muscle Is :

1. 2-Hand
2. A-Band
3. Myofibrils
4. Sarcomere.

Answer: 4. Sarcomere

Question 78. The Total Number Of Muscles In The Body Of Man Is:

1. 409
2. 439
3. 539
4. 639

Answer: 4. 639

Question 79. The Gastrocnemius Muscle Is Attached To :

1. Fore Arm
2. Chest
3. Thigh
4. Shank.

Answer: 4. Shank.

Question 80. Addition Of One Contraction To A Previous One To Produce More Shortening Is :

1. Summation
2. Tetany
3. Fatigue
4. Rigor-Mortis.

Answer: 1. Summation

Question 81. A Sustained Contraction Of Muscle Due To Fusion Of Many Twitches Following Each Other In Succession Is Termed :

1. Tetany
2. Summation
3. Fatigue
4. Rigor-Mortis.

Answer: 1. Tetany

Question 82. The Muscles Undergo Contraction After Death. This State Of “Dead-Rigor” Is Called :

1. Rigor-Mortis
2. Tetanus
3. Summation
4. Fatigue.

Answer: 1. Rigor-Mortis

Question 83. Cori Cycle Occurs In :

1. Liver
2. Muscles
3. Kidney
4. Both 1 And 2.

Answer: 4. Both 1 And 2.

Question 84. Cori Cycle Is Associated With :

1. Pyruvic Acid
2. Oxalic Acid
3. Lactic Acid
4. Acetic Acid.

Answer: 3. Lactic Acid

Question 85. Contractile Proteins Include :

1. Troponin
2. Tropomyosin
3. Actin And Myosin
4. All The Three.

Answer: 1. Troponin

Question 86. Ciliary Muscles Are Found In :

1. Diaphragm Of A Mammal
2. Eyes Of Vertebrates
3. Heart Of Vertebrates
4. Stomach Of Frog.

Answer: 2. Eyes Of Vertebrates

Question 87. Which Of The Following Structures takes part In Locomotion And As Well As Feeding?

1. Cilia
2. Tentacles
3. Limbs
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 4. All Of Above.

Question 88. Amoeboid Movement Help In Food Capturing And Change Of Place. Which Of The Following Are Involved In Pseudopodial Locomotion?

1. Microfilament
2. Cytosol
3. Plasma Membrane
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 1. Microfilament

Muscle Locomotion and Movement Class Biology MCQ Question 89. In Humans, Muscles Constitute About Percent Of Total Body Weight:

1. 10 – 20
2. 20 – 30
3. 30 – 40
4. 40 – 50.

Answer: 4. 40 – 50.

Question 90. Visceral Muscles Are Smooth And Involuntary Except:

1. Gut Muscles
2. Bronchial Muscles
3. Heart Muscles
4. Arterial Muscles.

Answer: 3. Heart Muscles

Question 91. Which Of The Following Is Not True?

1. Troponin Is A Part Of Thick Filament.
2. Head Of  Myosin Has ATPase Activity
3. Actin Is Present In Thin Filament
4. H-Zone Of Striated Muscle Fibre Represents Both Thick And Thin Filament

Answer: 4. H-Zone Of Striated Muscle Fibre Represents Both Thick And Thin Filament

Question 92. Match Column 1 With Column 2.

1. A – 5, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4
2. A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D – 1
3. A – 1, B – 2, C – 3, D – 4
4. A – 5, B – 1, C – 2, D – 4.

Answer: 1. A – 5, B – 1, C – 3, D – 4

Muscular System MCQs For NEET

Question 93. Which Of The Following Is Not True?

1. At The Centre Of A – Band, A Comparatively Less Dark Zone Called H – Zone Is Present
2. In The Centre Of H – Zone, M – Line Is Present
3. Z- Line Is Located At The Centre Of The I – Band
4. The H – Zone Contains Only Thin Filaments.

Answer: 4. The H – Zone Contains Only Thin Filaments.

Question 94. Myosin Molecule Of Muscles Is Formed Of A Tail And Head. The Tail Is Formed Of:

1. T- MM
2. H-MM
3. Both L – MM And H – MM
4. IFs.

Answer: 2. H-MM

Question 95. Which Of The Following Is Not A Feature Of Myosin Molecule?

1. Contractile Nature
2. ATPase Like Action
3. Formation Of Cross Bridge With Active Site Present In The Actin
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 4. All Of Above.

Question 96. Intercostal Muscles Are Found In :

1. Digits
2. Pectoral Girdle
3. Pelvic Girdle
4. Thoracic Ribs.

Answer: 4. Thoracic Ribs.

Question 97. If A Solution Of Actin Is Mixed With A Solution Of Myosin The Resulting Mixture Becomes Very Viscous. If Atp Is And Atp Is Hydrolysed To Adp And Inorganic Phosphate. The Mixture Regains Viscosity Tfttl The Atp Is Hydrolysed. These Observations Suggest That:

1. Actin And Myosin Bind Together.
2. The Complex Of Actin And Myosin (Actomyosin) In An ATPase
3. Atp Seems To Alter The Binding Between Actin And Myosin
4. All Of The Above.

Answer: 4. All Of Above.

Question 98. One Of The Following Is A Wrong Match.

1. Cardiac Muscles – Maximum Atp, Mitochondria And Intercalated Disc Characteristic
2. Striated – Syncytial
3. Cardiac – Lack of Autonomic Nerve Supply
4. Sifiooth – Controlled By the Autonomic Nervous System  Mainly.

Answer: 3. Cardiac – Lack Autonomic Nerve Supply

Question 99. Origin Of Muscular System In Vertebrates Is :

1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm
3. Mesoderm
4. Both 1 And 2.

Answer:  3. Mesoderm

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Lift And Structural Organisation

All living organisms consist of many coordinated compartments known as cells.

1. Robert Hooke (1665) was the inaugural individual to employ the term ‘cell.’
2. In 1831, Robert Brown identified a nucleus within orchid roots.
3. Cytology: The discipline focused on the scientific examination of cells is known as cytology.
4. The inception occurred in the early 17th century with the initial utilization of microscopes by Hooke, Grew, and Malpighi.
5. Cellular biology: A comprehensive examination of a cell, considering its structure, functions, biochemical characteristics, reproduction, energy dynamics, division, development, and differentiation.
6. Cell theory: German scientists Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory, which asserts that all living organisms consist of cells.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Present Day Concept Of Cell Theory

1. The body of almost all living organisms is an assemblage of cells or the cell constitutes the structural unit of all living organisms.
2. Each cell represents a unit of metabolic activities because all the characteristics of life are performed within the cell.
3. Cells are hereditary units also as they contain hereditary materials inside the nucleus.
4. New cells originate from pre-existing cells. (R. Virchow 1858).
5. All the activities are the outcome of the activities of its constituent cells.
6. All the cells are capable of independent existence and they work as autonomous units.
7. In multicellular organisms, a clear-cut division of labour can be noticed. However, cells are still dependent partly on each other.

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Notes

Cell The Unit Of Life NEET Notes

Cellular totipotency is the ability of a somatic cell of a plant to produce a new complete plant.

• Steward et al. showed the phenomenon of cellular totipotency in carrot cultures,
• Unicellular organisms are capable of performing all the metabolic activities.
• For an efficient cell, the ratio of volume to surface area should be high.
• A cell represents itself in two forms i.e. as an individual and as part of the continuity of cells.
• Multicellular organisms are adapted for better survival.
• Growth and synthesis of protoplasm are due to the nucleus of the cell.
• Cytoplasm (mesoplasm cytosol or kinoplasm) is protoplasm except nucleus.
• Protoplasm is a reversible crystallocolloidal solution. Term cytoplasm was given by Kolliker.
• Hyaloplasm is cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
• Cytoplasm coagulate when treated with acids/bases or heated above 60°C.
• AH, physical and chemical changes tend to proceed in such a direction that useful energy undergoes irreversible degradation into a random form called entropy.
• pH (powered hydrogen) or puissance hydrogen of cytoplasm, nucleoplasm and human blood is 6.9 ± 0.2, 7.4 ± 0.2 and 7.34 ± 0.2 respectively.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Types Of Cell

Prokaryotic cell. A primitive cell which lacks a nuclear membrane, or nucleolus, possesses 70S ribosomes, membrane-bound organelles absent, and naked DNA present, also called a nucleoid or genophore or chromosome or fibrous nucleus or incipient nucleus, Example Bacteria, Blue green algae, PPLO etc.

Mesokaryotic cell. It is characterized by the absence of deoxyribounyleohistone; however, well well-defined nucleus is present. A peculiar type of division called dino mitosis occurs. Dodge used the term for cells of dinoflagellates (a type of algae). Eukaryotic cell.

Present in higher organisms. It possesses a true nucleus, DNA is associated with histone proteins called chromatin. Membrane-bound cell organelles present.

Cell Structure and Its organelles

• A cell is a specific combination of organelles and is usually a microscopic bit of complex organized matter.
• Cytoplasm is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic matter. It is amorphous and gel-like, containing various organelles.
• The part of the cytoplasm outside the organelle is called cytosol which contains a system of microfilaments. It acts as a store of vital chemical activities and also as a site of certain metabolic activities like glycolysis and biosynthesis of fatty acids and certain proteins.
• Cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis helps in the formation of pseudopodia and the movement of organelles and other cell inclusions.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are of the following types depending upon several membranes.

1. Single unit membrane-bounded organelles. Microbodies (Peroxisomes, Glyoxysomes, Sphaerosomes, Lysosomes, Golgi bodies, ER, vacuoles.)
2. Double unit membrane-bounded organelles. Plastids, Mitochondria and Nucleus.
3. Amembranous organelles: Ribosomes, centrioles, spindle, microfilaments and microtubules.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum [ER] consists of an interconnected system of membrane-bound channels in the cytoplasm. It forms 30 to 60% of the total membranes of eukaryotic cells.

Electron microscopic observations by Porter, Claude and Fullam (1945) revealed a network of delicate strands and vesicles in the cytoplasm. The term endoplasmic reticulum was first used by Porter and Kallman (1952).

The endoplasmic reticulum consists of cisternae, tubules and vesicles. It occupies 10% of the total cell volume. The cisternae are broad, flat, membrane-bound spaces arranged parallel to each other to form lamellae.

They are interconnected with each other. The tubules are 50 -100 A in diameter and appear as circles in sections. The vesicles or sacs appear as membrane-bound isolated globular cavities.

There are two morphological types of the ER. When some elements of ER are studded with small granules called ribosomes, it is called rough or granular ER. The other type is smooth or agranular, marked by the absence of these granules.

The strands of HR consist of biomembranes formed of lipoprotein and the space between them varies. SER in muscles is called sarcoplasmic reticulum and myeloid bodies in pigmented epithelial cells and retina of the eye. Ergnstoplusm is the basophilic region of cytoplasm containing RER. Desmotubiiles arc extensions of ER through plasmodesmata.

Cell The Unit Of Life NEET Notes

Functions. The ER and nuclear membrane arc are directly connected. The ER is connected with intercellular transport and cellular metabolism. ER also plays an important role in the synthesis of nuclear membranes during cell division. It also helps in protein synthesis, glycogen synthesis and storage, lipid synthesis and storage and formation of microbodies.

The ER gives additional mechanical support to the colloidal structure of cytoplasm and increases surface area for absorption.

Synthesis of steroids and hormones and the formation of visual pigments from vitamin A are also associated with ER. It synthesizes ascorbic acid and also takes part in detoxification of toxic chemicals.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Ribosomes

Ribosomes. Ribosomes are nucleo-protein protoplasmic subspherical structures without a covering membrane, negatively charged with a diameter of 150 to 250 A meant for a polypeptide or protein synthesis.

They were discovered by Palade and thus called “Palade particles”. These arc smallest ameinbranous cell organelles. Later these were named ribosomes. These are present in cytoplasm in the form of groups, called polysomes. Ribosomes are made up of ribonucleoprotein.

Ribosomes are of two basic types: 70S ribosomes in Bacteria and Blue-green algae, mitochondria and chloroplast, and 80S ribosomes in Eukaryotes. A 70 S ribosome has three molecules of r RNA 16 S, 5 S, 23 S, and 50 proteins mols.

80 S ribosome has four mols of rRNA (5 S, 5.8 S, 18 S and 28 S) and 80 mols of proteins. The 70S ribosomes are inactivated by the antibiotic Chloromycetin. The 80 S ribosomes are inactivated by cyclohexamide.

Ribosomes 80 S contain 40% and 60% RNA and protein respectively. Ribosomes are the seats of protein synthesis.

In mammalian mitochondria, ribosomes are of 55 S type. Proteins of all ribosomes are similar but it is the RNA which differs from ribosome to ribosome.

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells Differences NEET

Ergosomes or Polyribosomes (Rich 1963) are formed by protein synthesis.

• A tenfold increase in Mg2+ cone unites ribosomes to form Diamers. 70 S ribo some form 100 S while 80 S forms 120 S. If cone, is decreased by 10 folds, the ribosomes disassociate. Only unemployed ribosomes disassociate while active or those involved in protein synthesis do not disassociate.
• Lnke in 1976 proposed an asymmetrical model whereas Stefflar and Whittman, 1977, proposed a quasisymmetrical model for ribosomes.
• About 75 % of the ribosomes of cells remain bound to the C-face of the E.R. membrane through a glycoprotein ribophorin. In the case of He La cells the number of ribosomes is 15%.

• Proteins of all ribosomes are similar, however, it is r RNA that differs from one ribosome to another ribosome.
• Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes are used within the cell and those synthesized on bound ribosomes are used outside the cell.

Golgi Complex

Golgi Complex. These structures are also known as dictyosomes, gold some, idiosomes, Golgi apparatus or hypochondria, Dalton’s complex or Baker’s body.

In 1898, an Italian neurologist C. Golgi described certain previously unknown bodies in the cytoplasm of nerve cells of bam owls and cats using a special stain, Earlier the Golgi complex was thought to be present only in animal cells but recent research has shown that is present in plant cells.

Dalton and Felix observed them under TEM

Three distinct components are visible in the Golgi complex, they are

Tubularorflattened fluid-filled sacs or cisternae, each is membranous and parallel or concentrically with a convex (forming) surface towards the plasma membrane and the opposite concave surface is termed maturing surface,

Transition vesicles are small drop-like structures Secretory vesicles are present on the sides and the maturing face of Golgi.

NEET Biology Cell Structure Notes

The elements of the Golgi complex may arise from ER, nuclear membrane or the pre-existing dictyosomes. It contains lipids, proteins and glycoproteins. Phosphatases, RUA, Phospholipids, ATP ases and S-nucleotidases are also present.

The metallic impregnation technique (osmium chloride silver salts)

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Mitochondria

Mitochondria (Mito = thread, chondrion = granule) were discovered by Kolliker (1850) and the name mitochondria was given by Benda. Altman (1886) called them as ‘bioplasts’. He considered them as symbionts comparable to bacteria. In plants, mitochondria were discovered by Meaves (1904) in Nymphaea.

Mitochondria are also called Chondriosomes or Chondriomites plastochondria or filavermicules or bioplasts.

Mitochondria occur in the cytoplasm of plants and animal cells, the average length of the mitochondrion is 3 to 5 microns and the average diameter is 0.5 to 1.3 microns. They can be stained with Janus green B.

Using ultra vibrations and detergent actions, two membranes of mitochondria can be separated to study their structure. The mitochondrion without an outer membrane is called a mitoplast.

The mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes, the outer membrane and the inner membrane.

There are two chambers. The space between the two membranes is called the outer chamber and the space bounded by the inner membrane is called the inner chamber. The inner membrane forms mitochondrial cristae.

The enzymes of the Krebs cycle, flavo-proteins and cytochromes are present in mitochondria which are the centre of respiration. Mitochondria are also involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. These are also called as ‘Power house’ of the cell.

Mitochondria arise from pre-existing mitochondria or ER. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous bodies. Nass, Nass and Afzeluis (1965) have shown the presence of DNA in mitochondria (MDNA). It constitutes 17c of the total DNA of the cell.

It is a double double-stranded, naked, granular, slim, long molecule with a higher G-C ratio. It is a circular molecule in most higher animal cells but is linear in several eukaryotic plant cells. Ribosomes arc of 70S type (55S ribosome in mitochondria of mammals) RNA and 70 types of enzymes are present.

Cell Organelles Structure And Functions NEET Biology

The mitochondria of whole cells are collectively called chondriosome or chondriomes. On cristae are present oxysomes or F0—Fj particles which are tennis racket-shaped bodies.

These particles were discovered by H.F. Moran and Chanre. These are also called as ETS particles as electron transport systems and ATP synthesis occurs on them. Besides this, mitochondria are concerned with lipid synthesis and elongation of fatty acids.

In prokaryotes where mitochondria are absent, the site for oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport, including dehydrogenases is the plasma membrane.

Single mitochondrion occurs in the case of:

• Microsterias Trypanosoma Chlorella.
• The maximum number is 5,00,000/cell in flight muscles.
• Meaves first to observe mitochondria in plants (Nymphaea).
• They can be stained by Gentian Violet and Janus green B.
• Cytochrome oxidase is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• Mitochondria are rich in Mn. They are yellow due to riboflavin. They live for 5×10 days membrane only
• In all probability, the mitochondria arise from the nuclear envelope by evagination or by division of pre-existing mitochondria.
• Pyruvic acid enters mitochondria and is converted to Co. A in per mitochondrial space.
• ATP molecules are synthesised in the head.
• There are 5 chemical complexes. The first four constitute the electron transport system and the fifth transfers and conserves energy and (helps in) ATP synthesis.
• Mobile carriers = CoQ and Cyt C.
• Flavoproteins are located in Complex 1

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Lysosomes

Lysosomes are diminutive vesicles encased by a singular membrane that contain hydrolytic enzymes in crystalline or semicrystalline forms.

• Christian de Duve discovered them. Lysosomes are present in nearly all animal cells, with the exception of mammalian red blood cells.
• Their diameters are 0.4 and 0.8 ™. These are lacking in plant cells; nevertheless, P. Matile (1964) has identified them in the fungus Neurospora.
• They are also referred to as ‘Suicidal bags’ or ‘Atom bombs’ due to their containment of hydrolytic enzymes.
• Lysosomes are most abundant in white blood cells, macrophages, osteoclasts, and similar cell types.
• Plant cells are devoid of lysosomes, with the exceptions of Neurospora, maize root tips, yeast, and the seeds of peas and cotton. Lysosomes originate from the M face of the Golgi apparatus.
• Lysosomes execute various duties, including the digestion of food, the phagocytosis of foreign particles, involvement in metamorphosis, scavenging, supplying enzymes for the degradation of egg membranes, and facilitating the disintegration of ageing and dead cells.
• Lysosomes eliminate toxins through engulfment and appear to be crucial for cellular division.
• Additionally, they have an inherent mechanism that allows a cell to adapt.

Lysosomes exist in more than one morphological form, hence show polymorphism and they are of the following four types:

• Primary lysosomes (also known as original lysosomes storage granules or inactive lysosomes).
• Secondary lysosomes (heterolysosome or phagolysosome heterophagic vacuoles or digestive vacuoles).
• Autophagic vacuoles (autolysosomes or autolysosomes).
• Residual bodies (telo lysosomes dense bodies or tertiary lysosomes).

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Plastids

Plastids. Plastids (Haeckel, 1866) are semi-autonomous organelles having DNA and a double membrane; envelope which synthesizes or stores different types of organic compounds.

The chloroplasts are green plastids (Schimper 1833) which take part in the synthesis of organic food from inorganic raw materials in the presence of radiant energy or light and the process is termed photosynthesis.

Eukaryotic plants contain a heterogeneous group of cell organelles called plastids which vary in morphology and function, some plastids are colourless, called leucoplasts. They store reserve materials, such as starch, proteins and lipids.

Green plastids are called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll. Still others the chromoplasts. contain carotenoids which are brilliant red or yellow.

All three plastids differentiate from small spherical amoeboid structures 0.4 to 0.9 um in diameter called proplastids. Plastids are the largest cell organelles.

The increasing order of plastid size is as follows:

Chloroplast → chromoplast → elaioplast → aleuroplast → amyloplasts.

The distribution of pigment systems are coupling factor in thylakoid membranes. The chloroplasts are usually discoidal or lens-shaped double membrane organelles.

They are made up of chlorophyll a and b carotenoids, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid. DNA in chloroplast was reported by Ris and Plaut.

The chloroplasts are ‘autonomous bodies and. thus, are also called “cells within cell organelle.” The membrane-bound matrix of chloroplast is called stroma where dark reaction or Calvin cycle of photosynthesis takes place. In the stroma are present thylakoids which form grana acting as site of light reaction where assimilatory power (ATP 4- NADPH,) are synthesized.

Fluid Mosaic Model Of Cell Membrane NEET Study Material

The smallest and most functional unit of chloroplast is called the photosynthetic unit or Quantosome. The term Quantosome was given by Park and Biggins (1964).

Each Quantosome consists of 250 molecules ofchlorophyll. The molecular weight quantosome is 2 x 106.

The size ofquantosome is length = 1 80 A width = 155 A and thickness = 100 A. It is considered that chloroplasts might have originated from a symbiotic relationship between an autotrophic microorganism capable of transforming energy from light and a heterotrophic cell.

• Thylakoid membrane consists of 2 photosystem complexes namely photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 their reaction centres being P-700 and P-680.
• LHCP = Light-harvesting complex protein. It is present in the thylakoid membrane and is photochemically inactive.
• Plastids are called intracellular parasites and a symbiont hypothesis is used to explain them.
• The plastidial system carrying genetic information is called the plastidome.
• Chloroplast of higher plants chemically is composed of
• Protein: 33-35%
• Chlorophyll: 9%
• Lipids: 20-30%
• Carotenoids: 4-5%
• Nucleic acids : 3-4%, traces of Vit K and A, Ribosomes 70
• Protein lipid ratio in the chloroplast is 40: 30
• No. of grana in chloroplast ranges from 10-100
• C4 plants have dimorphic chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts move in the cell due to cyclosis.
• Chloroplast is more important than chlorophyll as carotenoids in chloroplast protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidation.
• Chloroplasts with nitrogen-fixing genes are called nitroplasts.
• The three kinds of plastids are interconvertible

Classification based on pigmentation.

1. Chromoplast: coloured plastids
2. Chloroplast: ‘Chlorophyll a & b c.g. green algae
3. Phaeoplast: Fucoxanthin Example brown algae, diatoms.
4. Rhodoplast: phycoerythrin Example red algae
5. Blue-green chromoplast, ‘phycocyanin Example Blue-green. Algae
6. Leucoplast colourless plastids
7. Amyloplast: Starch storing
8. Elaioplast (Oleasome): Fats storing.
9. Aleuroplast (Proteinoplasts) : protein storing.

Shapes

• The chlorophyll in grana is surrounded by 2 protein layers (Y-shaped) in between the protein and chlorophyll there occurs lipid chlorophyll.
• Leaf palisade mesophyll cells of higher plants contain 20-40 chloroplasts.
• Single thylakoid occurs in the granum of Rhodophyceae.
• Quantosome is believed to have (160 a + 70 b) chlorophyll and 50 carotenoid molecules.
• Chloroplasts which lack granum are often described as agranal or Kranz type.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Microbodies

Peroxisomes (Uricosomes)

These are single membrane-bound vesicles with a size ranging from 0.5 to lim. They were discovered by Tolbert and the term peroxisome was coined by de Duve (1969) for those microbodies which are rich in enzymes peroxidase classes and catalases and produce hydrogen peroxide during their degrading activity.

These vesicles contain fine, granular substances that may condense to form a central core or nucleoid.

The peroxisomes without nucleoids are called micro-peroxisomes. The enzymes present are:

• Uric acid oxidase
• α – amino acid oxidase.
• α – Hydro xylic acid oxidase.
• β Hydroxylic acid oxidase.
• NADH-glyoxalate reductase.
• NADH-isocitrate dehydrogenase.
• Catalase.
• Peroxidase.
• Peroxisomes generally arise from ER. These bodies take part in H202 metabolism and in green plants, they carry out photorespiration.

Sphaerosomes

Hanstein (1880) observed small highly refractive bodies of a denser substance in the cytoplasm of plant cells and later Danglard termed them sphaerosomes. They are microbodies which take part in the storage and synthesis of fats.

They were first discovered by Perner in 1953. Sphaerosomes are small spherical and refractile vesicles which are 0.5— 1.0 mm in diameter.

They arise from the ER and are surrounded by a single membrane. 98% of a phagosome is fat. Proteins constitute the remaining 2%. Some proteins are probably enzymatic and take part in the synthesis of fats.

Fluid Mosaic Model Of Cell Membrane NEET Study Material

Because of the presence of fat, phagosomes can be seen under light microscope after staining the cells with Sudan dyes and osmium tetraoxide. Sphaerosomes occur abundantly in the endospermic cells of oil seeds.

Sphaerosomes of some tissues Example tobacco endosperm, and maize root tips contain hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, they are considered to have lysosomic activity.

Glyoxysomes

• They are microbodies which contain enzymes [5-oxidation of fatty acids and glyoxalate pathway. These microbodies were discovered by Breidenback and Beevers (1967) from the extracts of the endosperm of germinating castor beans.
• They are also present in the cells of some fungi. Like other microbodies, glyoxysomes have a single covering membrane and a matrix with a crystalloid core.
• The matrix contains enzymes for (3-oxidation of fatty acids to produce Acetyl CoA. The latter is metabolised in the glyoxylate cycle to produce carbohydrates.

Lomasomes

They were discovered by Moore and McAear (1961) and are often referred to as border bodies. These bodies are present between the cell wall and cell membrane of both lower and higher plants. They play a role in secretion, increasing the surface area for the diffusion of substances involved in cell wall formation or breakdown in membrane proliferation and endocytosis.

Transosoines

• These bodies were discovered by Press (1964) and are so far known to occur only in the ovarian follicles of birds.
• These are circular and consist of triple-bonded envelopes with several ribosome-like granules attached by short stalks to the innermost band. It is believed that they have a role with the developing yolk granules but their exact function is not known.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Centrioles, Cilia And Flagella

Centrioles. They were first observed by Van Benden in animal cells. They are minute microtubular rods which can help to form their duplicates without having DNA and membranous covering.

Usually, two centrioles called diplosomes are present near the nucleus of all eukaryotic animal cells, primitive plants and all eukaryotic where flagellate structures and all eukaryotic plants where flagellate structures are present.

Mature centrioles are 0.2 lim in diameter and vary in length from 0.2 to 0.5 pm. A pair of centrioles surrounded by a clear area of cytoplasm, the centrosphere, is called a centrosome. Each centriole consists of nine sets of microtubules arranged circularly.

These tubules are equally spaced. Each microtubule is a triplet (diameter 250 A) of microtubules or subfibres embedded in a matrix designated as A, B, C and from inner to outer subfibre. Each subfibre is made up of 11—13 protofilaments of tubulin. The A-subfibre of a triplet is attached to the C-subfibre of the adjacent triplet by strands called linkers.

The central hub is (20 A in diameter), and from it arises 9 proteinaceous connectives called spokes, one towards subfibre.

NEET Biology Cell Structure Notes

A thickening ‘X’ is present at the outer end of each spoke and another Y is present between the two X thickening and are connected.

There are dense, amorphous, protoplasmic structures called macule satellites or pericentriolar structures on the surface of centrioles. Centrioles are locomotory structures and their role in cell division is acquired secondarily.

Cilia and flagella

• (Studied by Englemann and confirmed by Jensen 1881) are hair-like protoplasmic processes of cells capable of undergoing movements and thus create a current jn -any fluid for locomotion and passage substances.
• Both cilia and flagella have the same basic structure and differ in number, size and type of movement.
• Chemically, they are mainly formed of protein and lipids, traces of carbohydrates and nucleotides are also present. Tubulin protein occurs in peripheral fibrils while dynein is found in the side arms of A-subfibrils spokes and central fibrils.

Structure

• The cilia and flagella are essentially of the same structure and both arise from basal bodies. Cilium is surrounded by a membranous covering which is an extension of the plasma membrane. Both the membranes are separated by a space of 90 A.
• The space between the limiting membranes of the cilium is filled with a matrix. In the matrix is embedded axial fibril complex.
• The central axial filament complex consists of eleven microtubules arranged in two radii; out ofthese nine are double and are situated at the periphery and two single microtubules are placed in the centre.
• Each of the nine outer tubules is 360 A in diameter and composed of two subunits. A sheath surrounds the central fibrils. The outer fibrils bear a pair of arms Radial lamellae, each with a thin secondary fibril, occur between central and outer fibrils.
• Central singlet fibres are made up of a protein dynein with ATP-ase activity. Outer double fibres are made up of tubulin protein while A-B linkers are composed of protein nexin.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Cytoskelclal Supporting Structures

• Intermediate filaments are long, unbranched having structure intermediate between microtubules and microfilaments and consist of a head, central rod and tail. First discovered in muscle cells (1968).
• Microtubules earlier called neurotubules were first discovered by Sabatini, Bensch and Barnette (1963).
• Microtubules and microfilaments form a complex structural framework of the cell. They are concerned with movement by or within the cell. They also can maintain the shape of the cell.
• Microfilaments are long, thin, cylindrical rods composed of actin (protein).
• Microfilaments are 6-10 nm in diameter and contract with the help of myosin.
• Microfilaments may extend into the cytoplasmic core of microvilli.
• Microfilaments are responsible for movement of the plasma membrane during cell mobility and endocytosis; contraction of muscle fibres and movement of microvilli.
• Microtubules are elongated unbranched, cylindrical tubes of about 25 nm in diameter.
• Each tubule encloses a light central core of 15 nm diameter. The microtubule’s wall is made up of 13 longitudinal filaments, each is a polymer chain of tubulin protein.
• Microtubules occur singly or in bundles in cytoplasm radiating from the controls to the peripheral parts.
• These form the skeleton of cilia and flagella and spindle during cell division helping in the movement of chromosomes. They can be broken down and reassembled in another part of the cell.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Interphase Nucleus

The nucleus of the cell which is not in the process of division is called interphase nucleus.

Robert Brown first noticed the largest organelle, the nucleus. It is present in all eukaryotic cells except RBC. Cells usually have one nucleus (mononucleate), but some cells may be binucleate or polynucleate.

It may be placed in the centre or one side of the cell. It is mostly spherical or oval in shape or it may be elongated or even lobulated. The size of the nucleus depends upon its proteins and DNA contents.

The cytoplasmic and nuclear masses remain in the state of equilibrium known as endoplasmic or kanophismic index (NP or KPL)

Nuclear envelope. The nucleus is bounded externally by a double membrane, the nuclear membrane, which beats sub-microscopic pores and through these pores it is in continuation with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

The space between the two nuclear membranes is called the perinuclear space. Each membrane is 75 A in diameter and perinuclear space is 150-350 A wide.

In structure and function, the nuclear membrane resembles the cell membrane. It disappears during cell division and is redeveloped tram the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Internally, the nucleus is filled with a viscous fluid, the nuclear sap. nucleoplasm or karyolymph. It is rich in protein and contains nucleic acid.

Nucleolus. (PI. Nucleoli Fontana 1784, discovered which was described by Wagner (1840) and Bowman (1S40) provided the present name. Nucleolus is an irregularly shaped often dense and compact body. It consists of protein and RNA. The patient forms SOT of the dry weight of the nucleolus. The nucleolus performs three functions, synthesis of proteins.

Mitochondria And Chloroplasts Roles NEET Exam Preparation

synthesis of ribosomal RNA and transfer of genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It is interesting to note that the nucleolus disappears during cell division. Chromatin material or network is a granular mass which lies in the nucleoplasm.

The chromatin with fine threads is called euchromatin. The chromatin material consists of DNA. RNA. histone and acidic protein. During cell division, the chromatin material organizes itself and becomes distinct as chromosomes.

Differences Between Euchromatin And Heterochromatin

Nuclear functions. Robert Brown (1831) discovered the nucleus which was later mentioned as store storehouse of heredity information. Van Benedan and Hertwig demonstrated the role of the nucleus during the fusion of male and female gametes.

Boveri (1889) experimented with sea urchin eggs and established that survival, growth and reproduction are controlled by the nucleus.

Hammerling’s (1913) grafting experiment with Acetabularia Mediterranean proved that morphology is governed by the nucleus.

Hofmeister observed chromatin threads during cell division. Sutton and Boveri observed parallel behaviour between chromosomes and genetic characters and proposed the chromosome theory of heredity.

The DNA constituents of the nucleus act as the chemical basis of genetics. Structure of chromosome.

The chromatin network undergoes condensation, and coiling and is transformed into a definite rod-shaped structure of the chromosome. The chromosomes were discovered first by Hofmeister and the word chromosome was given by Waldeyer (1888).

A typical chromosome has the following parts:

Pellicle. It is the outermost covering membrane chromosome. However, Ris (1945) denies the presence of pellicles.

Matrix. It is the ground substance of chromosomes and contains a chromatin network.

Chromonema. There are two spirally coiled threads in the matrix, known as chromonemata. They are seen throughout the length of the chromosome. Each chromonema is 800 A in thickness and consists of one molecule.

Chromoniercs. These are dot-like or hcad-like structures of chromonema which have coiled up in specific ways to form complex and dense chromatin, the chroinomcres.

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells NEET

Centromere. It is situated in the region of primary constriction. In this region, the two chromonema join to form one.

The position of the centromere helps in the identification of chromosomes. According to the position of the centromere the chromosomes are of four types: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric.

According to the number and presence or absence of centromeres, chromosomes arc of the following types:

Acentric (without centromere), monocentric, dicentric and polycentric with one, two or many centromeres.

Secondary Constriction. This constriction may be present in one or both arms of the chromosomes. This is the place where a nucleolus appears and disappears during the cell cycle. Thus it is also known as the nucleolar organizing region.

Satellite. The distal spherical part of chromosome above sec. constriction is known as a satellite. The chromosomes having satellite arc are known as SAT-chromosomes where SAT stands for Sine Acid Thymunucleinico.

Telomere. Each chromosome has polarity. Its terminal ends are physiologically different from the rest of the chromosomes and are known as telomeres. They avoid sticking of chromosomes in the nucleus. If by X-rays these ends arc broken, then one chromosome will stick to another chromosome.

In chromosomes, DNA and histones arc bonded to form dcoxyri bonuclcoprotcin. The most accepted model for the arrangement of DNA and histone protein is the nucleosome or sole noid model (Woodcock).

The term nucleosome was given by. Outlet ( 1 975). To accommodate the nucleosome model for DNA, Crick and Watson proposed the Kinky helix model for DNA. A nucleosome is a repeating unit of chromatin (125 nm is diameter = 200 base pairs + 2 molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4)

Lampbrusli Chromosomes. Such chromosomes are found in the oocytes of amphibians and appear like a brush which was used in the olden times to clean street lamps. That is why, they are known as lampbrush chromosomes.

A lampbrush chromosome consists of a central main axis made up of DNA whereas the matrix which consists of RNA and protein is present in the form of a loop of the main axis. The loops lie opposite to each other.

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells NEET

Each loop consists of an axial fibre which is covered with a matrix. When it is treated with ribonucleases (an enzyme which breaks down DNA) it is broken down indicating that it consists of DNA.

When it is treated with ribonucleic (an enzyme which breaks down RNA), trypsin and pepsin the matrix of the loop is removed. From that, it can be concluded that the matrix is composed of RNA and protein whereas the axial fibre of DNA.

Polytene Chromosomes. They were first observed by Italbiani (1881) in the salivary gland of Chirommous and hence sometimes are also known as salivary gland chromosomes.

They are also found in Drosophila. In Chironomus, usually, one somatic cell consists of 8 polytene chromosomes. They measure 1000 times larger than normal chromosomes. They are 2,000 Im in length.

A polytene chromosome consists of several parallel strands, chromonema. The coils containing polytene chromosomes continue to grow without undergoing mitosis. One chromosome may have as many as 1024 chromonemata. All strands are genetically identical.

• m-chromosomes. Minute-sized (less than 0.5 mm) chromosomes are found in many bryophytes. and insects.
• Chemically, Chromosomc is formed of 40% DNA, 50% histones, 1.5% RNA, etc. H, H2A and Hyn proteins are lysine-rich (2 is very lysine-rich) while H3 and H4 are arginine >ric)i polypeptide chains.
• Satellite is also called Trabant.
• NOR constitutes 03% of total nuclear DNA. NOR is also called secondary constriction I.
• Muller (1938). Coined the term telomeres.
• Vejdovsky (1912). Coined the term chromonema.
• Du Praw : (1966). Proposed uncinematic folded fibre model of the chromosome.
• Finch and Klug (1976). Proposed solenoid model. It states that DNA is associated with histone proteins to form a series of beads called nucleosomes.
• Nucleosomes: Fundamental packing unit of chromonema.

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Life Cell Inclusions

Reserve food. It may be in the form of starch grains (Example in potato-tuber cells) or glycogen granules (Example in liver and muscle cells of animals), protein granules (Example in aleuroplasts of the endosperm of maize seed), or oil droplets (Example in adipocytes of fat bodies; endospermic cells of castor and coconut and in cotyledon cells of groundnut and mustard seeds).

Gases. These include O2, CO2, N2 etc.

Inorganic crystals. These include crystals of calcium salts and silica. Silica is generally found in the epidermal cells of grasses. Crystals of calcium carbonate, called cystoliths, are found in the epidermal cells of Mimordica (Kerala), while crystals of calcium oxalate are called raphides and are found in the epidermal cells of Eichhomia (water hyacinth). Hyaloplasm also contains organic acids like tartaric acid (In tamarind), citric acid (citrus fruits) and malic acid (as in apples).

Excretory/Secretory Products. They include mucus, tannins, resins, gums, alkaloids, latex, etc.

Latex. It is a crystallo-colloid fluid secreted by latex tubes or Iaticifers of two types, latex cells (non-articulated Iaticifers, Example Banyan, Calotropis, Oleander) and latex vessels (articulated Iaticifers, Example Poppy, Rubber plant, Sonchus). Latex can be watery (For example Banana), milky (For example Banyan) or coloured (For example Poppy).

The latex of Hevea brasiliensis yields rubber, that of Poppy forms opium while the latex of Papaya contains the protein-digesting enzyme papain,

Gums. They are degradation products of cell walls, for example, gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal).

Gum-Resin. It is mixture of gum and resin, Example root of Ferula asafoetida (asafoetida).

Resins. They are acidic oxidation products of essential oils which are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol/ turpentine. An example of hard resin is shellac. Pine resin and Canada Balsam are oleo-resins (resins with associated essential oils).

NEET Biology Important Notes PDF

Tannins. They are astringent, acidic, phenolic compounds, related to glucosides, found in leaves (For example Tea), bark (For example Acacia nilotica, Walnut or Juglans regia) fruit (For example Caesalpinia, Betel Nut), Dyes related to tannins are cutch (heartwood of Acacia catechu), and haematoxylin (heartwood of Haematoxylon).

Alkaloids. They are bitter nitrogenous by-products, often poisonous and with medicinal properties, Example quinine (bark of Cinchona officinalis), atropine (leaves and tops of Atropa belladonna), nicotine (leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), morphine (latex of Papaver somniferum (poppy), reserpine (roots of Rauwolfia serpentina), colchicine (corms of Colchicum autumnale), thein (Tea leaves),

Glucosides present is crucifers. They are aromatic compounds having glucose/carbohydrates, for example, saponin, digitoxin, digitalin, and amygdalin. Many of them are medicinal, (viii) Essential Oils. They are volatile aromatic oils secreted by special glands, Example Lavender, Rosemary oil, Menthol, Eucalyptus oil,

Nectar. It is the sugary secretion of parts of flowers to attract insects and other animals for pollination. Nectar contains glucose,’ fructose and sucrose.

Pigments. These are found in special cells, called chromatophores, present in the skin (dermis) of vertebrates (fishes, amphibians and reptiles).

The chromatophores are of two types: melanophores have brown or black pigment, and lipophores contain red, yellow and orange pigments. Birds and mammals have a pigment in their feathers and hair. In the human skin, the pigment-containing cells occur in the deeper epidermal cells

• Prokaryotic cells are represented by bacteria, blue-green, algae, mycoplasma or PPLO, spirochaete and rickettsiae generally smaller than eukaryotic cells but multiply more rapidly.
• The bacterial flagellum is formed of filament, hook and basal body which is a hollow rigid, cylindrical filament longest (1-70 nm), formed of flagellin protein.
• The basal body of the bacterial flagellum is a complex part of the flagellum, consisting of four and two rings connected to the central rod in Gram-ve and Gram+ve bacteria respectively.
• The filament, hook and basal body are arranged in such a manner to permit the filament to rotate by 360° rather than undulating back and forth like a whip. In the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells sterol molecules are more rigid than phospholipids and therefore the presence of sterol confers stability on each eukaryotic membrane.
• Three principal types of protein filament-microfilaments (7nm), microtubules (25nm) and intermediate filaments (8-10nm) are cytoskeletal elements which allow the eu¬ karyotic cell to adopt a variety of shapes and carry out directed movements.
• In Golgi bodies, materials are transported from the cis to the trans face by vesicles that keep budding off from the cisternal edge to the next cell and so on.
• The sequence of the size of the organelles is as follows:
• Lysosome(0-2-0-8pm) <Sphaerosome (0-5-1 -0pm) < Per peroxisome (0-5- M pm)< Ribosome (l-5-2-0pm)
• Pinosomes and phagosomes are collectively known as endosomes.
• The vacuoles of plant cells are bounded by a single semipermeable membrane called tonoplast, whereas the vacuoles, of animal cells are by, a lipoprotein membrane.
• Vacuoles are of four types depending upon function t. sap vacuoles, contractile vacuoles, food vacuoles and air, rapidly.
• vacuoles/ The proper folding of proteins following synthesis is assisted by a special protein called chaperones.
• Mitochondria can be seen in inactive or orthodox state and active or condensed state.
• Both mitochondrial (mt DNA) and chloroplast DNA (cp DNA) containing limited genetic information are circular although cp DNA is much bigger than mt DNA
• The amount of DNA is low in a chloroplast i.e. 10-15 to 10y grams per chloroplast or 0-03% of its dry weight.
• Cilia and flagella having a 9+2 arrangement are associated with the motility of cells.
• Karyotype. The arrangement of chromosomes in terms of their relative size, form and number is called karyotype. It consists of the arm ratio and position of the centromere also. It is characteristic of a species.
• Karyotype preparation can be done by either banding technique or fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) or Flow cytometry.
• Idiogram. A pencil sketch or photograph of the karyotype is called idiogram.
• Human Karyotype. Somatic cells contain a total of 46 chromosomes (Tijio and Levan 1956) or 23 pairs.
• Out of these 22 pairs are autosomes, one pair of sex chromosomes XX in females (homomorphic) and XY in males (heteromorphic).

Quanta to memory

• The term ‘cell’’ coined by Hooke (1665), is; a misnomer as the cell is not a hollow structure.
• Cytoplasm coagulates at temperatures above 60° C.
• Swammerdam was the first to describe the cell (RBC of frog).
• Largest cell—Egg of ostrich (6 inches in diameter with shell and 3″ without shell.)
• The nerve cell is the longest in the human body. The smallest cell (Mycoplasma gallisepticum—PPLO) measures 0.1 to 0.3 pm. Unicellular eukaryotes are 1 to 1000. pip in size. The size of human RBC is 7-8 pm.
• Cells of multicellular eukaryotes are 5 to 1000 pm in size.
• Fibre of Boehmeria (longest plant cell is 55 cm in size).
• PPLO (Mycoplasma Lauderhill) are also called “Jokers
  of plant kingdom.
• Transosome organelles are bounded by triple membranes.
• Organelles without membranes are ribosomes, centrioles,
  microfilaments and microtubules
• In human beings, cells of the kidney are the smallest and of nerve fibres largest.
• The size of human RBC is 7-8 pm.
• Cells of multicellular eukaryotes is 5 to 1000 pm in
  size.
• Fibre ofBoehmeria (longest plant cell is 55 cm in size). PPLO (Mycoplasma laiderwili) are also called “Jokers of the plant kingdom.”
• Transosome organelles are bounded by triple membranes. Organelles without membrane are ribosomes, centrioles, microfilaments and microtubules.
• In human beings, the cells of the kidney are the smallest and of nerve fibre largest.
• Intracellular compartments in cells help in the efficient functioning of cells.
• A pyrenoid is a proteinaceous body around which starch is stored in green algae.
• Protochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in lacking 2 hydrogen atoms in two of its pyrrole units.
• Microtubules are involved in cell division.
• Two genome types are present in typical green plants.
• Basophilic ergastroplasm indicates the presence of ribosomes.
• Chromosomes are stained with acetocarmine processing or Acid Fuschia.
• Bioblast = Mitochondrion = Bioplast = unit of protoplasm capable of reproducing itself.
• The cell wall is capable of growth and is involved in many enzymatic activities, so is now considered as a living structure.
• A ripened fruit becomes soft because the pectates of the middle lamella solubilize on ripening.
• Myeloid bodies (granules at the base of retinal pigment cells) and Nissl granules (in the cyton of neurons) are RER (ER with ribosomes).
• Svedberg Unit (S). It is the rate of sedimentation or velocity of sedimenting the particles per unit of gravitational force, or lx 10-13 cm /sec/dyne/gm.
• The largest component of the cell is the nucleus while the smallest component is the microfilament.
• The largest cell organelle is the mitochondrion in animal cells and plastid in plant cells while the smallest cell organelle is the ribosome.
• The darkly staining property of chromatin is called heteropykinosis.
• Mitoribosomes of mammals have a sedimentation coefficient of 55 S.
• Smallest Human Cell. Erythrocytes with a diameter of 6-8 pm. Blood platelets are still smaller (2-3 pm in diameter) but they are considered to be cell fragments instead of cells themselves. (Malarial sporozoite is 2 pm in length).
• Coconut milk is widely used in tissue culture as it is rich in a kind of growth hormone named cytokinin.
• Callus and Cancer both are undifferentiated masses of cells.
• But calluses get differentiated into root and shoot by auxins and cytokinins in tissue culture and cancer cells fail to differentiate in tissue culture.
• The explant is an excised plant part used in tissue culture to
  raise Callus.
• Animal Cloning. Animal cells are totipotent like plant cells but there is difficulty in their dedifferentiation and later differentiation.
• Animal cloning has become possible by inserting the nucleus of a somatic cell into an enucleated egg and allowing the latter to develop into the uterus of a female. The first successfully cloned animal is Dolly, a sheep (1996—1997)

NEET Biology Cell Unit Of Lift And Structural Organization MCQs

Question 1. The part/parts of a cell that can be seen with an electron microscope, but never with a light microscope is/are the:

1. Nucleus
2. Golgi bodies
3. Chloroplasts
4. The membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Answer: 4. Membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 2. Fundamentally a dead cell differs from a living cell because:

1. It has become separated from other cells
2. Its vital forces have been destroyed
3. A change in its surrounding environment has occurred
4. A change in its specific organization has occurred.

Answer: 2. A change in its surrounding environment has occurred

Question 3. Plant cell differs from animal cells by :

1. Cell wall absent in animal cell but chloroplast present
2. Cell wall and chloroplast absent in animal cell
3. Vacuoles only a few and that too contractile are present in plant cell
4. Cell walls are present in an animal cells.

Answer: 2. Cell wall and chloroplast absent in animal cell

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question and Answers

Question 4. The organic molecules present in traces in living cells can be detected and isolated by:

1. Centrifugation
2. Tracer technique
3. Chromatography
4. Microscopy.

Answer: 3. Chromatography

Cell The Unit Of Life Mcq For Neet

Question 5. The cell theory was proposed by :

1. Robert Hooke
2. Leuwenhoek
3. Schleiden and schwann
4. Purkinje.

Answer: 3. Schleiden and schwann

Question 6. 1 A is equal to:

1. 10 8 Cm
2. 10Acm
3. 10-6 Cm
4. 10 3 Cm.

Answer: 1. 10 8 Cm

Question 7. Which of the following sets resemble in their basic structure and function:

1. Centrioles, cilia and flagella
2. DNA, MRNA And TRNA
3. Er, Golgi complex and lysosome
4. Leucoplast, chloroplast and chromoplasts.

Answer: 1. Centrioles, cilia and flagella

Question 8. How many membranes comprise the nuclear envelope?

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. None.

Answer: 2. Two

Question 9. Which of the following organelles regularly moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

1. Glycogen
2. Cholesterol
3. RNA
4. DNA.

Answer: 3. RNA

Cell The Unit of Life Botany NEET MCQ Question 10. Which of the following cellular organelles breaks down complex macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins?

1. Golgi complex
2. Lysosome
3. Mitochondria
4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: 2. Lysosome

Question 11. The fuel gen reaction of dna is due to :

1. Aldehyde produced by acid hydrolysis
2. Removal of RNA but not dna
3. Phosphoric acid, carbohydrates and nitrogen bases
4. Phosphoric acid.

Answer: 1. Aldehyde produced by acid hydrolysis

Question 12. Which one of the following does not lose living nature even after crystallization?

1. Protista
2. Bacteria
3. Viruses
4. Parazoa.

Answer: 3. Viruses

Question 13. In prokaryotic cells, the enzymes involved in the oxidation of metabolites is associated with :

1. Nucleoid
2. Plasma membrane
3. Ribosomes
4. Plasmosome.

Answer: 2. Plasma membrane

Cell The Unit Of Life Mcq For Neet

Question 14. Which of the following is an exception to cell theory?

1. Bacteria
2. Protozoans
3. Protista
4. Viruses.

Answer: 2. Protozoans

Question 15. Which of the following relationships between cell structure and their respective function is not correct?

1. Cell wall – support, protection
2. Cilia – site for diffusion
3. Chromosome – carrier of heredity material
4. Mitochondria – a powerhouse of cell1.

Answer: 4. Mitochondria – powerhouse of cel1.

Question 16. A human egg is very large compared to a human sperm. Most of this size differential is due to the difference in their:

1. Nucleus
2. Membranes
3. Cytoplasm
4. Both 1 and 3.

Answer: 3. Cytoplasm

Question 17. The cortex of the human brain may consist of :

1. Six billion, two hundred million cells
2. Seven billion, two hundred million cells
3. Eight billion, two hundred million cells
4. Nine billion, two hundred million cells.

Answer: 2. Seven billion, two hundred million cells

Question 18. The human body weighs about 50 kg. May consist of:

1. 25 X 1015 cells
2. 50 X 101s cells
3. 100 X 101s cells
4. 150 X 101s cells.

Answer: 4. 150 X 101s cells.

Question 19. Nucleoli are rich in :

1. Ribose nucleic acid
2. Deoxyribose nucleic acid
3. Proteins and RNA
4. Carbohydrates.

Answer: 3. Proteins and RNA

Question 20. Which of the following phenomena is not found in viruses in the host cell?

1. Replication
2. Production of energy
3. Mutation
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Production of energy

Neet Mcqs On Cell Structure And Function

Question 21. The correct order of sedimentation of subcellular structures during differential centrifugation is as follows:

1. Lysosome -+ mitochondria -+ nucleus -l ribosome
2. Mitochondria-+ nucleus -+ lysosome -+ ribosome
3. Nucleus -+ mitochondria->lysosome + ribosome
4. Lysosome -+ ribosome-+ mitochondria –> nucleus.

Answer: 3. Nucleus -+ mitochondria->lysosome + ribosome

Question 22. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of relative sizes in descending order?

1. Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule, oxygen atom
2. Cell, nucleus, water molecule, oxygen atom, chromosome
3. Chromosome, cell, nucleus, water molecule, an oxygen atom
4. Cell, nucleus, water molecule, chromosome, oxygen atom.

Answer: 1. Cell, nucleus, chromosome, water molecule, oxygen atom.

Question 23. The activities of all living cells are controlled by :

1. Chloroplasts
2. Auxins
3. Nucleus
4. Tonoplast.

Answer: 3. Nucleus

Question 24. Leaf pigments are separated from a mixture by :

1. Spectrophotometry
2. Autoradiography
3. Chromatography
4. Microcinematography.

Answer: 3. Chromatography

Question 25. Which of the following sets of cell organelles contains dna?

1. Mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts
2. Nucleus, ribosomes and chloroplasts
3. Nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria
4. Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer: 4. Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 26. Leaving aside water, which of the following constitutes the bulk of an active living cell?

1. Ribose nucleic acid
2. Deoxyribose nucleic acid
3. Proteins
4. Carbohydrates.

Answer: 3. Proteins

Question 27. Which one of the following is incorrect?

1. All cells do not contain a true nucleus
2. All living plant cells contain chlorophyll
3. Cell rivals are generally made up of cellulose
4. Respiration occurs in mitochondria.

Answer: 2. All living plant cells contain chlorophyll

Question 28. The endoplasmic reticulum often contains :

1. Ribosomes
2. Golgi bodies
3. Centrioles
4. Lysosomes.

Answer: 1. Ribosomes

Neet Mcqs On Cell Structure And Function

Question 29. The fine network of membranes distributed extensively throughout the cytoplasm in a cell is referred to as:

1. Golgi bodies
2. Peroxisome
3. Lysosome
4. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: 4. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 30. The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in the form of:

1. Cisternae only
2. Vesicles only
3. Tubules only
4. All the above.

Answer: 4. All the above.

Question 31. The endoplasmic reticulum in the cells of adipose tissue is in the form of:

1. Vacuoles
2. Sacs
3. Tubules
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Vacuoles

Question 32. When the region of the endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes on the outer surface of the cisternae. It is called:

1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. Granular endoplasmic reticulum
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Granular endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33. The principal site of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA is the :

1. Mitochondria
2. Golgi bodies
3. Nucleolus
4. Lysosomes.

Answer: 3. Nucleolus

Question 34. During active protein synthesis, some ribosomes seem to occur in groups and are collectively known as :

1. Bound ribosomes
2. Polyribosomes
3. Lysosomes
4. Dictyosomes.

Answer: 2. Polyribosomes

 Question 35. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm as minute particles:

1. Associated with er and are sites for protein synthesis
2. Associated with mitochondria are the sites of glucose oxidation
3. On the cell surface and are concerned with protein synthesis
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Associated with er and are sites for protein synthesis

Neet Mcqs On Cell Structure And Function

Question 36. Which of the following are prokaryotes?

1. Viruses and rickets
2. Bacteria and archaebacteria
3. Cyanobacteria and mycoplasma
4. Both 2 and 3.

Answer: 4. Both 2 and 3.

Question 37. Ribosomes originate from:

1. Nucleus
2. Er
3. Nucleolus
4. Mitochondria.

Answer: 3. Nucleolus

Question 38. Ribosomes present in a prokaryotic cell are :

1. 70 S type
2. 60 S type
3. 80 s type
4. Both 70s and 80s type.

Answer: 1. 70 S type

Question 39. Sphaerosomes have an affinity for :

1. Sudan black
2. Eosin stains
3. I Leishman’s stain
4. Giemso’s stain.

Answer: 1. Sudan black

Question 40. Ribosomes are :

1. Positively charged
2. Negatively charged
3. Amphoteric
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Negatively charged

Question 41. Golgi apparatus is present in :

1. Phanerogams
2. Cryptogams
3. All eukaryotes
4. Vertebrates.

Answer: 3. Vertebrates.

Cell The Unit Of Life Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 42. Dictyosome is also known as :

1. Respiratory particle
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi bodies
4. Peroxisome.

Answer: 3. Peroxisome.

Question 43. Golgi bodies are related to:

1. Excretion
2. Energy liberation
3. Pinocytosis
4. Secretions.

Answer: 3. Pinocytosis

Question 44. Golgi bodies are maximum in :

1. Calyptrogen
2. Root cap
3. Both 1 and 2.
4. Root tip.

Answer: 4. Root tip.

Question 45. Which of the following cell organelles are considered to be rich in catabolic enzymes?

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Lysosomes
3. Golgi bodies
4. Mitochondria.

Answer: 2. Lysosomes

Question 46. Which of the following is widely distributed in a cell?

1. Chromoplasts
2. Chloroplast
3. RNA
4. DNA.

Answer: 3. RNA

Question 47. Membranes are found within :

1. Chromosomes, nuclei and mitochondria
2. Cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria
3. Cytoplasm, nuclei and starch grains
4. Chromosomes, chloroplasts and starch grains.

Answer: 2. Cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria

Cell The Unit Of Life Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 48. Most of the hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes function at :

1. Acidic ph (ph =5)
2. Basic ph
3. Neutral ph
4. Any ph.

Answer: 1. Acidic ph (ph =5)

Question 49. The secretory material is discharged by the Golgi vesicles, from the surface of the cell membrane by:

1. Pinocytosis
2. Endocytosis
3. Reverse pinocytosis
4. Dissolving the cell membrane.

Answer: 3. Reverse pinocytosis

Question 50. Mitochondrial DNA differs from nuclear DNA in:

1. Being linear
2. Having a=tandc: g
3. Being highly twisted
4. Lacking binding with the histones.

Answer: 4. Lacking binding with the histones.

Question 51. In the nucleon ema of the nucleus, particles 150- 2004 are seen which resemble:

1. Ribosomes
2. Lysosomes
3. Mitochondria
4. Sphaerosomes.

Answer: 1. Ribosomes

Question 52. Mitochondria can be distinguished from similar-looking particles in living cells by their affinity for a dye called:

1. Acetocarmine
2. Janus green.
3. Eosin
4. Methylene blue.

Answer: 2. Janus green

Question 53. Which of the following observations most strongly support the view that mitochondria contain electron transfer enzymes aggregated into compact association?

1. Mitochondria have a highly folded inner wall
2. Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments which can synthesize ATP
3. Mitochondria in animal embryos tend to concentrate in cells which become a part of the locomotory structure
4. A contractile protein capable of utilising ATP has been obtained from mitochondria.

Answer: 2. Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments which can synthesize ATP

Question 54. Within the cell, the site of respiration is:

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondrion
3. Ribosome
4. Lysosome.

Answer: 4. Lysosome.

Cell The Unit Of Life Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 55. Cristae refer to :

1. Infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria
2. Infolding of the outer membrane of mitochondria
3. Branches of endoplasmic reticulum
4. Golgi apparatus.

Answer: 1. Infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 56. A mitochondrion possesses a :

1. Single membrane
2. Double membrane
3. Three-layered membrane
4. Four-layered membrane.

Answer: 2. Double membrane

Question 57. The existing evidence favours that mitochondria arise;

1. From precursors in the cytoplasm
2. From non-mitochondrial membranes
3. By growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. None of the above.

Question 58. The Golgi apparatus present in cells synthesizes:

1. Cellulose
2. Hemicellulose
3. Pectin
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 59. The Golgi apparatus is bounded by :

1. Single unit membrane
2. Cellulose layer
3. Plasma membrane
4. The double unit membrane of lipoproteins.

Answer: 1. Single-unit membrane

Question 60. Which one of the following is responsible for the breakdown of parts of the cell and foreign particles in the cell?

1. Ribosome
2. Centrosome
3. Lysosome
4. Golgi apparatus.

Answer: 3. Lysosome

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 61. The percentage of mitochondrial DNA in the cells is:

1. 10% Of total cellular DNA
2. L% of total cellular DNA
3. 2.5% of total cellular DNA
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. L% of total cellular DNA

Question 62. Secondary lysosomes give rise to:

1. Residual bodies
2. Tertiary lysosomes
3. Peroxisome
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Residual bodies

Question 63. Lysosomes are considered suicidal bags because they:

1. Kill the neighbouring cells
2. Kin the engulfed bacteria
3. Are responsible for intracellular digestion
4. Oxidise the food in the cells.

Answer: 3. Are responsible for intracellular digestion

Question 64. Lysosome along with the food contents is :

1. Primary lysosome
2. Secondary lysosome
3. Residual bodies
4. Cytosome.

Answer: 2. Secondary lysosome

Question 65. Peroxisomes are bounded by :

1. Single membrane
2. Double membrane
3. Triple membrane
4. No membrane.

Answer: 1. Single membrane

Question 66. Peroxisomes do not have :

1. O-amino acid oxidase
2. B-hydroxy acid oxidase
3. Urate oxidase
4. DNA synthetase.

Answer: 4. DNA synthetase.

Question 67. Bone cells containing lysosomes are:

1. Osteofibrils
2. Osteoclasts
3. Osteoblasts
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Osteoclasts

Question 68. Sphaerosomes arise from;

1. Mitochondrion
2. Lysosome
3. E.r.
4. Ribosome.

Answer: 3. E.r.

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 69. Sphaerosomes are mostly present in :

1. All cells
2. Prokaryotic cells
3. Lipid secreting and storing cells.
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Lipid secreting and storing cells.

Question 70. The cellular role of the lysosome is not :

1. Ingestion of foreign bodies
2. Digestion of aged organelles
3. Cell destruction during development
4. Osmoregu location.

Answer: 4. Osmoregu lation.

Question 71. The first scientist to say that plants purify air in the presence of light was:

1. Van Belmont
2. Priestley
3. Ingenhousz
4. Blackman.

Answer: 3. Ingenhousz

Question 72. Thylakoids are presenl in plasrids of :

1. Bacteria
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Higher plants
4. All the above.

Answer: 3. Higher plants

Question 73. The main types of plastids meant for photosynthesis are:

1. Leucoplasts
2. Chromoplasts
3. Chloroplasts
4. None of them.

Answer: 3. Chloroplasts

Question 74. Isolated chloroplasts can synthesize :

1. RNA
2. DNA
3. Proteins
4. None of the above.

Answer: 4. None of the above.

Question 75. DNA genetic material occurs by itself in lower organisms and is combined with proteins as nucleoproteins in higher organisms. The nucleoprotein is organized in higher looms to form:

1. Chromosome
2. Nucleolus
3. Nucleotides
4. Nucleoside.

Answer: 1. Chromosome

Question 76. The nucleus was first discovered by :

1. Walson and crick
2. Bowman
3. Roberr brown hooke.
4. Hooke

Answer: 3. Roberr brown hooked.

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 77. A nucleus which involves the duplication of chromosomes but fails to divide is known as :

1. Endomitosis
2. Restitution nucleus
3. Euploidy
4. Polyploidy.

Answer: 2. Restitution nucleus

Question 78. Which stain gives purple or violet colour to the chromosome?

1. Feulgen
2. Acetocarmine
3. Acetocein
4. Safranin.

Answer: 1. Feulgen

Question 79. The structure of the nuclear membrane facilitates:

1. Organization of spindle
2. Synapsis of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
3. Nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange of materials
4. Anaphasic separation of daughter chromosomes.

Answer: 3. Nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange of materials

Question 80. The pores of the nuclear membrane have a diameter of :

1. 400Å to 1000Å
2. 600Å to 900Å
3. 100Å to 200Å
4. 700Å to 760Å

Answer: 4. 700Å to 760Å

Question 81. If the nucleus represents its large size in proportion to the cytoplasm of the cell, it indicates that:

1. The cell is dying
2. The nucleus is in the resting phase
3. The nucleus has entered the s-phase of the interphase
4. The cell is about to die.

Answer: 3. The nucleus has entered the s-phase of the interphase

Question 82. An acentric chromosome at metaphase will be :

1. Condensed and lie near the equator
2. Irregularly shaped and lying at one of the poles
3. Condensed and lie at poles
4. Coiled and attached to spindle fibre.

Answer: 1. Condensed and lie near the equator

Question 83. Cytochromes present in the cells are :

1. Electron acceptors
2. Carbon acceptors
3. Hydrogen acceptors
4. Nitrogen acceptors.

Answer: 1. Electron acceptors

Question 84. The parallel layering of membranes in chloroplast is suited for:

1. Maximum light absorption
2. Maximum exposure to enzymes
3. Minimum light absorption so that the cells can maintain their temperature
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Maximum light absorption

Cell Organelles Mcq For Neet

Question 85. Non-photosynthetic plastids are :

1. Amyloplasts
2. Chromoplasts
3. Chloroplasts
4. Both 1 and 2.

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 2.

Question 86. The organelles which occur outer to the cell membrane but inner to the cell wall are :

1. Sphaerosomes
2. Lomasomes
3. Glyoxisomes
4. Peroxisomes.

Answer: 2. Lomasomes

Question 87. Centrioles are :

1. Cylindrical structures
2. Rectangular structures
3. Cuboidal structures
4. Square structures.

Answer: 1. Cylindrical structures

Question 88. The fruits on ripening become coloured, it is due to the:

1. Disintegration of chloroplasts and development of chromoplasts
2. Conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts
3. Conversion of chlorophyll into anthocyanin pigment
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Disintegration of chloroplasts and development of chromoplasts

Question 89. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to be bacterial endosymbionts of cells because:

1. They have their nucleic acids
2. Their inner membrane resembles those of bacteria
3. They do not arise de novo
4. They have all the above attributes.

Answer: 4. They have all the above attributes.

Question 90. Which of the following shows a 9 + 0 arrangement?

1. Centriole
2. Cilia
3. Cilia + centriole
4. Cilia + centriole + flagellum.

Answer: 1. Centriole

Question 91. Cilia and flagella are responsible for :

1. Respiration
2. Locomotion
3. Co-ordination
4. Lipid formation.

Answer: 2. Locomotion

Cell Organelles Mcq For Neet

Question 92. Microfilaments are long. Thin fibres 40-60 a :

1. Myosin
2. Actin
3. Tubulin
4. Both 1 and 2.

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 2.

Question 93. The cellular role of the microtubule is not :

1. Protein synthesis
2. Int racell ulai communication
3. Movement
4. Formation of mitotic spindle.

Answer: 1. Protein synthesis

Question 94. One centriole is composed of:

1. Nine triplet peripheral microtubules
2. Nine doublet peripheral microtubules
3. Nine singlet peripheral microtubules
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Nine triplet peripheral microtubules

Question 95. Chromosomes having equal arms are known as :

1. Metacentric
2. Acrocentric
3. Telocentric
4. Acentric.

Answer: 1. Metacentric

Question 96. Prokaryotic flagella possess :

1. A helically managed protein molecule
2. Protein membrane-bound libres
3. Unit membrane-enclosed fibre
4. Microtubular “9 + 2” membrane-enclosed structure.

Answer: 1. Helically managed protein molecule

Question 97. The nucleolus is a :

1. Distinct membrane-bound organelle
2. Spheroid ribonucleoprotein only
3. Parr of chromosome
4. All of the above.

Answer: 2. Spheroid ribonucleoprotein only

Cell Organelles Mcq For Neet

Question 98. Perinuclear space is the space lying :

1. Outside and around the nuclear membrane
2. Inside and around the nuclear membrane
3. Between the two nuclear membranes
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Between the two nuclear membranes

Question 99. An October of four histones complexed with dna is called:

1. Nucleosome
2. Centrosome
3. Chromosome
4. Endosome.

Answer: 1. Nucleosome

Question 100. The core of nucleosome is made up of :

1. H1.h2, a, h,b,h3
2. H1,h2, a,h,b, h4
3. H2 a, h2 b,h3,h1
4. H2 a, h2 b,h3,h4

Answer: 4. H2 a, h2 b,h3,h4

Question 101. Nucleoli are not present in the cells of :

1. Eukaryotes
2. Blue-green algae
3. Maize plant
4. Pancreas.

Answer: 2. Blue-green algae

Question 102. Chromosomes can be specifically stained by :

1. Safranin
2. Acetocarmine
3. Janus green
4. Amine blue.

Answer: 2. Acetocarmine

Question 103. Mature mammalian white blood cells are :

1. Without nuclei
2. With four nuclei
3. Without nucleoplasm
4. With nuclei.

Answer: 4. With nuclei.

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell Mcq Neet

Question 104. The undifferentiated fibrillar nucleus is found in :

1. Eukaryotes
2. Cells of higher organisms
3. Prokaryotes
4. Higher animals.

Answer: 3. Prokaryotes

Question 105. Which of the following has a nucleus?

1. Cork cell
2. Sieve tubes
3. Companion cell
4. Vessels.

Answer: 3. Companion cell

Question 106. What will happen if the nucleus is removed?

1. The metabolism will increase
2. The cell will die
3. The metabolism will decrease
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. The cell will die

Question 107. The process by which dna of the nucleus passes genetic information to mRNA is called :

1. Translocation
2. Transportation
3. Translation
4. Transcription.

Answer: 4. Transcription.

Question 108. The beaded appearance of the chromosome is known as:

1. Centromere
2. Chromomere
3. Centriole
4. Centrosphere.

Answer: 2. Chromomere

Question 109. In mitochondria, cristae act as sites for :

1. Phosphorylation of flavoproteins
2. Protein synthesis
3. Oxidation reduction reactions
4. Breakdown of macromolecules.

Answer: 3. Oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 110. Raphides found in asparagus are crystals of :

1. Calcium carbonate
2. Calcium Citrate
3. Magnesium oxalate
4. Calcium oxalate.

Answer: 4. Calcium oxalate.

Question 111. Chromosome puffs in salivary gland chromosomes are the sites of :

1. Translation
2. Transcription
3. DNA synthesis
4. DNA replication.

Answer: 2. Transcription

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell Mcq Neet

Question 112. The fuel-gen nuclear reaction includes the following :

1. Reaction of deoxyribose with leuco fuschin to give purple colour to DNA
2. The reaction of ribose with leuco fuschin to give pink colour to rna
3. Removal of purine at the level of the purine deoxyribose glycosidic bond of DNA by acid hydrolysis.
4. All the above.

Answer: 3. Removal of purine at the level of the purine deoxyribose glycosidic bond of dna by acid hydrolysis.

Question 113. The chromosome number in plants can be increased by

1. Colchicine treatment
2. Heat treatment
3. Hormonal treatment
4. Breeding with their wild varieties.

Answer: 1. Colchicine treatment

Question 114. Balbiani rings are the characteristics of :

1. Polytene chromosomes
2. Sex chromosomes
3. Ring chromosomes
4. Lampbrush chromosomes.

Answer: 3. Ring chromosomes

Question 115. Chromosomes are made of structural units called

1. Nucleoli
2. Nucleosome
3. Base
4. Centromere.

Answer: 2. Nucleosome

Question 116. One of the following serves as a temporary storage place for proteins and other compounds synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum :

1. Lysosomes
2. Dictyosomes
3. Sphaerosome
4. Microsome.

Answer: 4. Microsome.

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell Mcq Neet

Question 117. Polytene chromosomes are formed when :

1. Chromosome divides but the nucleus does not divide
2. The nucleus divides but the cell does not divide
3. Chromatids divide but the chromosome does not divide
4. The chromosome assumes a lampbrush shape.

Answer: 3. Chromatids divide but the chromosome does not divide

Question 118. Micrococcal nuclease enzyme :

1. Cuts the DNA from a specific site
2. Joins the DNA segment
3. Cuts the DNA at the junction between nucleosome
4. Binds the DNA with histone.

Answer: 3. Cuts the DNA at the junction between nucleosome

Question 119. Cenffomere is required for :

1. Replication of DNA
2. The poleward movement of chromosome
3. Cytoplasmic cleavage
4. Chromosome segregation.

Answer: 2. Poleward movement of chromosome

Cell The Unit Of Life Mcq For Neet

Question 120. To determine the ultrastructure of cell organelles, the most likely method of successful observation would be:

1. Phase contrast microscopy
2. Light microscopy
3. Electron microscopy
4. Autoradiography.

Answer: 3. Electron microscopy

Question 121. Mitochondria in a cell are concerned with the formation of:

1. ATP From ADP
2. ATP From Pyruvic Acid
3. Lactic Acid From Citric Acid
4. ADP From ATP.

Answer: 1. ATP From ADP

Question 122. Which of the following representations correctly explains the function of mitochondrion?

Answer: 1.

Question 123. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for the synthesis of RNA in 1959 :

1. S. Ochoa
2. A. Korenberg
3. Nirenberg
4. H.G. Khorana.

Answer: 1. S. Ochoa

Question 124. Chlorophyll a is characterized by the side group :

1. Methyl
2. Aldehyde
3. Phytol
4. Ketone.

Answer: 1. Methyl

Cell The Unit Of Life Mcq For Neet

Question 125. Endoplasmic reticulum was first discovered by :

1. Bell
2. Porter
3. Golgi
4. Altrnan.

Answer: 2. Porter

Question 126. The centrosome is rich in :

1. DNA
2. RNA
3. ATP
4. Enzymes.

Answer: 2. RNA

Question 127. ‘Protein factories’ of the cell to be effective, need :

1. Fe++
2. Cu++
3. Mg++
4. Ca++

Answer: 3. Mg++

Question 128. In a eukaryotic cell, the region between the nucleus and plasma membrane is called :

1. Junction
2. Nucleoplasm
3. Cytoplasm
4. Lumen.

Answer: 3. Cytoplasm

Question 129. Vacuoles are considered as living organelles because they:

1. Are membrane-bound
2. Have hormones
3. Store enzymes
4. Can arise de novo.

Answer: 1. Are membrane-bound

Question 130. Which of the following is not the correct pairing of structure with function :

1. Golgi complex: breakdown of complex molecules
2. Chloroplast: photosynthesis
3. Mitochondria: production of ATP
4. Sphaerosome: synthesis and storage of fat.

Answer: 1. Golgi complex: breakdown of complex molecules

Question 131. Proteins that are to be utilized outside the cell are synthesized :

1. In the mitochondria
2. On the rear
3. On the ser
4. On free ribosomes.

Answer: 2. On the rear

Neet Mcqs On Cell Structure And Function

Question 132. Plant cells are connected by channels through their walls called :

1. Plasmodesmata
2. Desmosomes
3. Tight junction
4. Desmotubules.

Answer: 1. Plasmodesmata

Question 133. Haploid plants can be obtained by culturing :

1. Root tips
2. Young leaves
3. Endosperm
4. Pollen grains.

Answer: 4. Pollen grains.

Question 134. Pyrenoids are centres for:

1. Fat production
2. Starch formation
3. Protein formation
4. Enzyme foundation.

Answer: 2. Starch formation

Question 135. Bacteria are examples of :

1. Prokaryotic cell
2. Eukaryotic cell
3. Organelles
4. Plastids.

Answer: 1. Prokaryotic cell

Question 136. Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells?

1. Plasma membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Nuclear envelope
4. Ribosomes.

Answer: 3. Nuclear envelope

Question 137. How many membranes comprise the nuclear envelope?

1. None
2. One
3. Two
4. Three.

Answer: 3. Two

Question 138. Which of the following moves regularly frorn the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

1. Glycogen
2. Rna
3. DNA
4. Cholesterol.

Answer: 2. Rna

Question 139. The plastids that give fruits and flowers their orange and yellow colour are the :

1. Leucoplasts
2. Chloroplasts
3. Chromoplasts
4. Protoplasts.

Answer: 3. Chromoplasts

Neet Mcqs On Cell Structure And Function

Question 140. The types of cellular organelles that transform energy are :

1. Chromoplasts and leucoplasts
2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
3. Mitochondria and chromoplasts
4. Chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

Answer: 3. Mitochondria and chromoplasts

Question 141. Lysosomes contain enzymes capable of:

1. Aerobic cellular respiration
2. Digesting part of the cell
3. Synthesizing proteins
4. Synthesizing lipids.

Answer: 2. Digesting part of cell

Cell The Unit of Life NEET Questions Question 142. Mitochondria are found :

1. In all cells
2. Only in plant cells
3. Only in animal cells
4. All eukaryotic cells.

Answer: 4. All eukaryotic cells.

Question 143. Which of the following observations most strongly supports the view that mitochondria contain electron transfer enzymes aggregated into compact association :

1. Mitochondria have a highly folded inner wall
2. Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments which can synthesise ATP.
3. Mitochondria in animal embryos tend to concentrate in cells which become part of locomotory structures.
4. A contractile protein is capable of utilisation atp has been obtained from mitochondria.

Answer: 2. Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments which can synthesise ATP

Question 144. Hydrogenosomes (identified in 1997) have double membrane help in energy generation in :

1. Dinoflagellates
2. Trichomionids
3. Diatoms
4. All eukaryotes.

Answer: 2. Trichomionids

Question 145. Human sperm cells move by :

1. Cilium
2. Flagellum
3. Basal body
4. Hair.

Answer: 2. Flagellum

Question 146. Plant cells are connected by channels through their walls called:

1. Plasmodesmata
2. Desmosomes
3. Tight junctions
4. Gap junctions.

Answer: 1. Plasmodesmata

Cell The Unit of Life NEET Questions Question 147. Glycolysis is a process found in :

1. Eukaryotic cell
2. Anaerobic bacteria
3. Most muscle cells
4. Virtually all cells.

Answer: 4. Virtually all cells.

Question 148. The protoplasm is:

1. True solution
2. Emulsion
3. Suspension
4. Reversible colloidal solution.

Answer: 4. Reversible colloidal solution.

Question 149. The cell organelle common in protista and monera is :

1. Lysosome
2. Chloroplasts
3. Ribosome
4. Vacuole.

Answer: 3. Ribosome

Question 150. A striking difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is the presence of the former:

1. Chloroplast
2. Cell wall
3. Centrosome
4. Plasmalemma.

Answer: 2. Cell wall

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 151. In which component of a mitochondrion atp is synthesized

1. Crista
2. Matrix
3. Fo-fr complex
4. Plasmalemma.

Answer: 3. Fo-fr complex

Question 152. Photorespiration occurs in plant cells in :

1. Dictyosome
2. Glyoxisome
3. Peroxisomes
4. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: 3. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 153. Golgi apparatus is lacking in :

1. Liver cells
2. Higher plants
3. Blue-green algae
4. Yeasts.

Answer: 3. Blue-green algae

Question 154. Polysome is a chain of :

1. Pinosome
2. Ribosomes
3. Phagosomes
4. Lysosomes.

Answer: 2. Ribosomes

Question 155. Lysosomes containing inactive enzymes are called :

1. Autophagosomes
2. Residual bodies
3. Secondary lysosomes
4. Primary lysosomes.

Answer: 4. Primary lysosomes.

Cell The Unit of Life Biology NEET Question 156. The chloroplast thylakoids are in the form of;

1. Interconnected sacs
2. Independent discs
3. Interconnected tubules
4. Stacked discs.

Answer: 1. Interconnected sacs

Question 157. The pattern of microtubule organization in a centriole is:

1. 9+0
2. 9+1
3. 9+2
4. 9+3.

Answer: 1.9+0

Question 158. In man the amount of water is about :

1. 35%
2. 55%
3. 1O%
4. 90%.

Answer: 1. 35%

Question 159. The basal body could be another name for centriole given internal structures when :

1. It gives rise to spindle fibres
2. Lt divides during mitosis
3. It gives rise to cilia or flagella
4. Lt gives basic reactions.

Answer: 3. It gives rise to cilia or flagella

Question 160. How much energy is released for each molecule of oxygen used in :

1. 114.5 kcal
2. 124.5 kcal
3. 134.5 kcal
4. 144.5 kcal.

Answer: 3. 134.5 kcal

Question 161. What would be a good example of the occurrence of three types of plastids in a developing organ?

1. Radish
2. Turnip
3. Brinial
4. Tomato.

Answer: 4. Tomato.

Question 162. Which of the following is the chief energy food in a cell?

1. Carbohydrates
2. Nucleotides
3. Lipids
4. Proteins.

Answer: 1. Carbohydrates

Question 163. Water enters the cell by :

1. Endosmosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Phagocytosis
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 164. Golgi apparatus resembles :

1. Ser
2. Rer
3. Nuclear envelope
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Ser

Question 165. Materials enter the Golgi complex at :

1. Cis region
2. Trans region
3. Medial region
4. Trans golgi reticulum.

Answer: 1. Cis region

Question 166. The enzyme peptidyl transferase is present in :

1. Smaller subunit of the ribosome
2. Larger subunit of ribosome
3. Groove between smaller and larger subunits
4. In the cytoplasm.

Answer: 2. Larger subunit of ribosome

Question 167. Autophagic vacuoles (vesicles) digest :

1. Pinosome content
2. Phagosome content
3. Cell organelles
4. Microorganisms.

Answer: 3. Cell organelles

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 168. Lysosomes help in :

1. Fertilization
2. Insulin processing
3. Contraception
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 169. F is composed of :

1. Five polypeptides
2. 3 Polypeptides
3. 3 Polypeptides and accessory polypeptides
4. A, b, c, d and e polypeptides.

Answer: 4. A, b, c, d and e polypeptides.

Question 170. A quant some contains :

1. 250 Chlorophyll molecules
2. 350 Chlorophyll molecules
3. 450 Chlorophyll molecules
4. 245 Chlorophyll molecules.

Answer: 1. 250 Chlorophyll molecules

Question 171. The flagellum of a eukaryotic cell shows :

1. 9 + 0 Arrangement
2. 9 + 2 Arrangement
3. 1 + 2 Arrangement
4. 2 + 9 Arrangement.

Answer: 2. 9 + 2 Arrangement

Question 172. Select the self-duplicating organelle :

1. Mitochondria
2. Plastids
3. Centriole
4. All of these.

Answer: 4. All of these.

Question 173. Peroxisomes and glycosomes are :

1. Energy transducers
2. Membrane-less organelles
3. Microsomes
4. Microbodies.

Answer: 4. Microbodies.

Question 174. Lysosomes with cell organelles are called :

1. Primary lysosomes
2. Secondary lysosomes
3. Autophagosomes
4. Residual bodies.

Answer: 3. Autophagosomes

Question 175. Golgi bodies are involved in :

1. Excretion
2. Secretion
3. Atp synthesis
4. Rna synthesis.

Answer: 2. Secretion

Question 176. The chloroplasts develop limo :

1. Er
2. Dictyosome
3. Nuclear membrane
4. Proplastids.

Answer: 4. Proplastids.

Question 177. The supporting framework of a cell consists of :

1. Microfilaments
2. Microtubules
3. Both of these
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Both of these

Question 178. A chromosome having equal arms is called :

1. Metacentric
2. Submetacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric.

Answer: 1. Metacentric

Question 179. Chromosomes are stained with :

1. Eosin
2. Safranin
3. Acetocarmine
4. Borax carmine.

Answer: 3. Acetocarmine

Question 180. Golgi apparatus is most abundantly found in :

1. Muscle cells
2. Neurons
3. Red blood cells
4. Pancreatic cells.

Answer: 4. Pancreatic cells.

Question 181. Mechanical support to the cell is provided by :

1. Golgi bodies
2. Microfibrils
3. E.r.
4. Chromatin.

Answer: 3. E.r.

Question 182. The function of the centrosome is :

1. Initiation of cell division
2. Inhibition of cell division
3. Termination of cell division
4. None of the above.

Answer: 4. None of the above.

Cell Biology Mcqs With Answers For Neet

Question 183. A chromosome having a subterminal centromere is :

1. Telocentric
2. Acrocentric
3. Submetacentric
4. Metacentric.

Answer: 2. Acrocentric

Question 184. Which structure is present in animal cells but is absent in plant cell?

1. Centrioles
2. Golgi apparatus
3. Mitochondria
4. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer: 1. Centrioles

Question 185. The smallest cell organelle is :

1. Mitochondria
2. Microfilament
3. Microtubule
4. Ribosome.

Answer: 4. Ribosome.

Question 186. Which of the following is the vacuolar membrane?

1. Cell membrane
2. Tonoplast
3. Karyotheca
4. Er.

Answer: 4. Er.

Question 187. Select the amphipathic organic compound :

1. Fibroin.
2. Proteins
3. Phospholipids
4. Nucleotides.

Answer: 3. Phospholipids

Question 188. The plastids present in red algae are :

1. Chloroplast
2. Rhodoplasts
3. Phaeoplasis
4. Leucoplasts.

Answer: 2. Rhodoplasts

Question 189. Dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in :

1. Stroma
2. Inter membrane space
3. Thylakoids
4. Axe of above.

Answer: 1. Stroma

Question 190. Microtubules were first seen in :

1. Medullated nerve fibre
2. Muscle fibre
3. Non-medullated nerve fitrre
4. Cellulose fibre.

Answer: 1. Medullated nerve fibre

Question 191. Maps are found in :

1. Microtubules
2. Intermediate filament
3. Microfilg+ents
4. Microtrabeculae.

Answer: 1. Microtubules

Cell Organelles Mcq For Neet

Question 192. Turgor pressure in plant cells is generally, between:

1. 5 And 20 atm
2. 20 And 40 atm
3. 10 And 30 atm
4. 1 And 5 atm.

Answer: 1. 5 And 20 atm

Question 193. Hydrogenosomes are found in certain :

1. Amoebae
2. Flagellates
3. Ciliates
4. Sporozoans.

Answer: 2. Flagellates

Question 194. The nucleus has ribosomes attached to :

1. Inner membrane
2. Outer membrane
3. Chromatin fibres
4. All of the above.

Answer: 2. Outer membrane

Question 195. Which of the following is a major component of the nucleus?

1. DNA
2. Lipids
3. Rna
4. Proteins.

Answer: 4. Proteins.

Question 196. The nucleolus is especially rich in :

1. DNA and proteins
2. Rna and proteins
3. DNA and proteins
4. Rna and lipids.

Answer: 3. DNA and proteins

Question 197. Chromosomes are best seen in :

1. Interphase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase.

Answer: 3. Anaphase

Question 198. In spermatogenesis, the acrosome of the sperm is formed by:

1. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Lysosome
4. Golgi complex.

Answer: 3. Lysosome

Question 199. Polytene chromosomes were first seen in :

1. Drosophila
2. Fruit fly
3. Chironomus larva
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Chironomus larva

Question 200. Synaptonemal complex is associated with :

1. Polytene chromosome
2. Lampbrush chromosome
3. Mitotic chromosome
4. Paired meiotic chromosomes.

Answer: 4. Paired meiotic chromosomes.

Question 201. The beaded areas on chromosomes are known as :

1. Centromere
2. Cristae
3. Chromomeres
4. Cistron.

Answer: 3. Chromomeres

Question 202. Stem cells is an alternative term for :

1. Dedifferenriared cells
2. Redifferentiated cells
3. Undifferentiated cells
4. Differentiated cells.

Answer: 3. Undifferentiated cells

Question 203. Cell biology is the study of :

1. Cell structure
2. Cell Function
3. Cell division
4. Cell structure and function.

Answer: 4. Cell structure and function.

Question 204. Which of the following is time?

1. A cotton fibre is made up of 1500 fibrils
2. A fibril has 250 microfibrils
3. A microfibril has 20 micelles
4. All of above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 205. Channel has been discovered by :

1. Singer and Nicholson
2. Garnier
3. Robinson and brown
4. Nehar and salesman

Answer: 1. Singer and Nicholson

Question 206. Pelviz et al discovered :

1. Microtubules
2. Microfilaments
3. Centriole
4. Peroxisome.

Answer: 1. Microtubules

Question 207. Nucleoplasmin occurs inside :

1. Chromatin
2. Nucleolus
3. Nucleoplasm
4. Nucleopores.

Answer: 4. Nucleopores.

Question 208. Match the items of column 1 with the items of column 2

1. (1-D), (2-E), (3-F), (4-A) (5-B), (6-C)
2. (1-D), (2-E), (3-A), (4-F), (5-B), (6-C)
3. (1-D), (2-E) (3-F), (4-C) (5-A), (6-B)
4. (1-D), (2-F), (3-C), (4-E), (5-A), (6-B).

Answer: 3. (1-D), (2-E) (3-F), (4-C) (5-A), (6-B)

Question 209. Match the items of column 1 with column 2

1. (1- c), (2- d), (3- e), (4- b), (5- a)
2. (1- c), (2- d), (3- b), (4- c), (5- a)
3. (1- c), (2-d), (3- a), (4-b), (5- e)
4. (1 – c), (2- d), (3- e), (4- a). (5- b).

Answer: 1. (1- c), (2- d), (3- e), (4- b), (5- a)

Question 210. Match the items of column 1 with the items of column 2

1. (1 – C), (2 – d), (3 – a), (4 – b), (5 – e)
2. (1- C), (2 – a), (3 – d), (.4 – e), (s – b)
3. (1- C), (2 – d), (3 – e), (4 – a), (5 – b)
4. (1- C), (2 – d), (3 – b), (4 – a), (5 – e).

Answer: 3. (1- C), (2 – d), (3 – e), (4 – a), (5 – b)

Question 211. Match the terms in column a with suitable terms

1. (1-c), (2-f), (3-a), (4-e) (5-b),(6-d)
2. (1-c), (2-f), (3-a), (4-b), (5-d),(6-e)
3. (1-c), (2-f) (3-a), (4-e) (5-d),(6-b)
4. (1-c), (2-d), (3-a), (4-e), (5-b),(6-f)

Answer: 1. (1-c), (2-d), (3-a), (4-b) (5-e)

Question 212. Enzymes associated with converting fats to carbohydrates are located in which organelle?

1. Liposomes
2. Golgi bodies
3. Glyoxysomes
4. Microsomes.

Answer: 3. Glyoxysomes

Question 213. Which of the following is covered by a single membrane?

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Chloroplast
4. Sphaerosomes.

Answer: 4. Sphaerosomes.

Question 214. Dna is ‘mainly’ found in :

1. Nucleus only
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus and cytoplasm
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Nucleus only

Question 215. What is common between chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts?

1. Presence of pigements
2. Possession of thylakoids and Gama
3. Storage of starch, proteins and lipids
4. Ability to multiply by a fission-like process.

Answer: 4. Ability to multiply by a fission-like process.

Question 216. Organelle connected with glycoside

1. Ribosome
2. E.r.
3. Mitochondrion
4. Chloroplast.

Answer: 2. E.r.

Question 217. The Centre of phosphorylation is :

1. Ribosome
2. Oxisome
3. Peroxisome
4. Sphaerosome.

Answer: 3. Peroxisome

Structural Organisation In Animals For NEET Biology Morphology Of Animals Pheretima Posthuma (Earthworm)

Earthworm belongs to the phylum annelida class oligochaeta.

Habitat:

Pheretima posthuma, the prevalent Indian earthworm, is a significant representative of the phylum Annelida. It is a fossorial creature.

• It inhabits burrows constructed in soft, damp soil abundant in decomposed organic material or humus.
• It excavates its burrows mostly in the pliable soils of gardens, lawns, or pastures. The burrows can stretch vertically downward to a depth of 30-60 cm.
• During spring and summer, the burrows may extend to a depth of 180-240 cm when moisture is present.

In the rainy season, the burrows become inundated, prompting the worms to exit and traverse the damp soil surface.

Structural Organisation In Animals NEET Notes

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Notes

Habits.

1. Earthworms are nocturnal. During the daytime, it remains passively in the burrow with its anterior end directed upwards and posterior end downwards. At night, it becomes active.
   • It may come out of the burrow and roam about. Sometimes it keeps the posterior end fixed to the burrow and moves the anterior part of the body in a circle. It feeds on soil particles rich in decaying organic matter or humus.
   • It can also ingest directly the bits of leaves and other organic matter. The undigested food is egested as worm casting which appears as heaps on the soil.
2. Earthworm respires through the skin which is very thin and highly vascular. It is always kept moist. The exchange of gases takes place by diffusion through the skin.
3. Locomotion is affected by the contraction and relaxation of muscles of the body wall aided by setae or chaetae. The setae are embedded in setal sacs. They can be protruded or retracted. During locomotion, the anterior part of the body is extended.
   • It is fixed to the substratum by setae. The posterior part of the body is drawn forward towards the anterior part. It is then fixed to the substratum by the setae and again the anterior part is stretched.
   • This process is repeated. Thus, earthworms creep slowly on the surface of the soil. The setae hold the substratum firmly when the worm is making burrows, the earthworm can move backwards by reversing the direction of the setae.
   • The backward movements occur when it has to come out of the burrow. The earthworm moves at the rate of 25 centimetres per minute.
4. There are no special sense organs like eyes, ears etc. However the skin of earthworms lodges receptor cells and is highly sensitive to light and soil vibrations. The worm has a sense of smell and can detect food immediately.
5. The earthworm is hermaphrodite bisexual or monoecious. It is oviparous. There is no self-fertilisation because it is protandrous. Thus, there is cross-fertilisation.
   • During copulation, two earthworms are closely attached by their ventral surfaces in such a way that the head region of one is opposite the tail region of the other.
   • There is a mutual exchange of spermatic fluid. Then the two worms separate.

Structural Organisation In Animals For NEET Biology Features Of Pheretima Posthima (Earthworm)

1. Earthworms are metamerically segmented nocturnal animals, that live in burrows made in the soft, moist soil of gardens, lawns, forests, pastures, flower beds and the soil rich in decaying organic matter or humus.

• They are rarely found in dry, sandy and clayey soils. They usually lie in the upper layers of soils.

2. The earthworm moves by muscular contraction and expansion of the body aided by chitinous setae present in the body wall.

3. Its body is elongated, 100-120 segmented, cylindrical and pointed at both ends. It measures about 150 mm in length and about 3 to 5 mm in diameter.

• The dorsal side of the earthworm is darker brown due to the deposition of a brown-coloured substance known as porphyrin which is derived from the decayed leaves, on which the earthworm feed.
• The first segment is called the peristome with an extension of the fleshy lobe, and proscenium, and segments 14-16 are covered by clitellum.

4. Apertures. Many apertures are found on the external surface which are openings of the coelom, alimentary canal, and the excretory and genital organs.

• Mouth. It is a crescentric anterior aperture present in the first segment called peristomium.
• Anus. It is a vertical slit-like aperture present at the posterior end of the last segment called the anal segment or pygidium.
• Female genital pore. It is a single median aperture of the oviducts present on the ventral side of the 14th segment. Eggs pass out of this aperture.
• Male genital pores. They are a pair of crescentric openings of the common prostate spermatic ducts present in the 18th segment on the ventral side.
• Genital papillae. There are two pairs of genital papillae present in the 17th and 19th segments on the ventral side. They bear the minute openings of accessory glands.
• Spermathecal pores. They are four pairs of apertures, each pair is present in the grooves of 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9 segments. They are ventrolateral in position.
• Nephridiopores. These are minute openings of the integumentary nephridia present in the body walls. They are scattered in all the segments except the first two segments.
• Dorsal pores. These are minute pores of coelomic chambers located mid-dorsally, one in each inter-segmental groove, behind the 12th segment.

5. Body wall. It is covered with a very thick cuticle. The body wall consists of the following layers,

1. Cuticle
2. Epidermis
3. Circular Muscles
4. Longitudinal Muscles
5. Coelomic Epithelium.
6. The epidermis is one cell in thickness and consists of
   • Mucus secreting cells.
   • Albumen secreting cells.
   • Sensory cells,
   • Supporting cells.
   • Basal Cells.

6. The Coelom. There is a true coelom present in earthworms. It is partitioned into so many coelomic compartments with the help of septa. The first septum lies between 4/5 segments and is thin and membranous.

Structural And Functional Organisation In Animals

• In the coelom is present milky white fluid known as coelomic fluid which is slightly acidic.
• There are several types of corpuscles present in the coelomic fluid.
  1. Phagocytes. Amoeboid in shape and destroys foreign bacteria.
  2. Chloragogen cells. These are yellow-coloured and have excretory functions.
  3. Mucocytes. These are fan-shaped corpuscles.
  4. Circular nucleated cells,
  5. Eliocytes.

7. Digestive System. The alimentary canal consists of the following parts situated in the segments as mentioned.

• The mouth is situated on the ventral side of the first segment. It opens into the buccal cavity which lies in the first 3 segments. This opens into the pharynx situated in the fourth segment.
• From the 5^th to the 7^th segment is the oesophagus followed by a highly muscular structure known as gizzard situated in the 8^th segment. From the 9th to 14^th segments lies the stomach.
• From the 15^th segment to the last segment is the intestine. The intestine is divided into 3 parts known as:
  • Pretyphlosolar region. (15^th to 26^th segments)
  • Typhlosolar region. (27^th to near end except for last 20-25 segments)
  • Post-typhlosolar region. (situated in the last 20-25 segments).

8. Excretory System. Excretion takes place through a large number of coiled tubular structures known as nephridia. These are the excretory units. There are 3 types of nephridia found in earthworms:

1. Ventral view of earthworm
2. Anterior region
3. A seta
4. Genital area (Ventral view)

• Integumentary Nephridia: These are mesonephric, present on their)her side of the body wall in all the segments except the first two segments. Their number is 200 to 250 in each segment except in clitellum, where they are 10 times more. These arcs are known as “Forests of nephridia.”
• Septal Nephridia: These are enteronephric and situated behind the 15th segment attached to the septa, on both sides. Each row has 80 to 100 septal nephridia. They are enteronephric.
• Pharyngeal Nephridia: They are enteronephric. Three groups of pharyngeal nephridia are situated in each of the 4^th, 5^th and 6^th segments, Out of all the 3 types of nephridia, only septal nephridia have a funnel-shaped structure known as nephrostome and thus can collect the waste products from the coelomic fluid, other two types don’t have nephrostome.

9. Vascular System. It consists of a closed tube of the blood vascular system. The haemoglobin is found dissolved in the plasma. It consists of hearts, blood vessels, anterior loops and blood glands.

10. Male Reproductive System. Earthworm is a bisexual (hermaphrodite) animal. The male reproductive organs consist of two pairs of testes situated in the 10^th and 11^th segments.

• Each testis is enclosed in a fluid-filled testis sac. There are 2 pairs of seminal vesicles situated in the 11^th and 12^th segments. The testes sacs communicate with corresponding seminal vesicles.
• Just beneath each testis lies a funnel known as a spermicidal funnel. From each funnel is given out a duct known as vas deferens. The two pairs of vasa deferentia open into the prostate glands lying from 17th to 20th segments.
• From each prostate gland is given out a duct known as a common prostate spermatic duct. These ducts open on the ventral side of the 18th segment through male genital apertures.

11. Female reproductive organs consist of one pair of ovaries situated in the 13^th segment. Just close to each ovary is a funnel, known as the oviducal funnel. Both the oviducal funnels open into oviducts.

• Both the oviducts enter into the 14^th segment and open outside through the female genital aperture. Female reproductive organs also include 4 pairs of spermathecae situated in the 6^th, 7^th, 8^th, and 9^th segments.
• The spermathecae open to the exterior through 4 pairs of spermathecal pores situated in the inter-segmental grooves of 5/6, 6/7, 7/ 8 and 8/9 segments.

Structural Organisation In Animals For NEET Biology Periplaneta Americana (Cockroach)

Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta.

Habitat and Habits:

The cockroach is nocturnal, being active at night. Throughout the day, they conceal themselves beneath stones, moist foliage, timber, and various forms of trash.

• Domestic cockroaches inhabit residences, particularly kitchens, storage areas, latrines, sewage systems, ships, and railway cars.
• Certain species inhabit ant nests, while a few are semiaquatic.
• It is highly voracious and omnivorous, consuming any form of animal or vegetable matter that it encounters. It prefers warmth, as it is intolerant of cold. It is a cursorial animal.

The sexes are distinct. It exhibits sexual dimorphism. Life history exhibits steady transformation.

Animal Tissues NEET Notes

Features of cockroach:

• Shape and size: The body of a cockroach is flat and broad. It is bilaterally symmetrical. The length of the adult is about 1” to 2”, while the breadth is about 1/2″.
• Colour: The colour is reddish brown while there are two dark patches surrounded by a light-brown margin in the first thoracic segment.
• Exoskeleton of Cockroach: The entire body of the cockroach is covered with a thick, hard, dark-coloured chitinous cuticle. It forms the exoskeleton which is secreted by the epidermis.

Thus the body wall is sclerotized or hardened to form sclerites.

These sclerites are joined together by the soft flexible membrane called suture by which movement of the body segment and appendages is possible. Thus, the body is segmented.

• The body of a cockroach is divided into three parts: Head, thorax and abdomen.
• The head of the cockroach is a hypognathous, strong head capsule or cranium.
• The Head has three types of sense organs: eyes, antennae and fenestrae.
• The head has biting and chewing-type mouth parts which are formed of a labrum, one pair each of mandibles and first maxillae, labium and hypopharynx.
• Mouth-parts: Those parts, which surround the mouth, are called mouth-parts. The cockroaches are as follows :
  1. Upper lip or labrum.
  2. Mandible
  3. First maxillae
  4. Second maxillae
  5. Hypophar ynx or lingua.
• The Thorax of cockroach bears three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings or pereopods.

Each leg is formed of five podomeres.

1. Wings of Cockroach: There is a pair of wings in the mesothorax and metathorax. These are movably joined to the anterior comers of the terga.

• Each wing consists of membranous expansions of the cuticle thickened by a network of chitinous ridges or nerves or veins which support the wings.
• The anterior mesothoracic wings are called forewings which are dark, opaque, home. Forewings are not used in flight but in a state of rest, they protect the living-wings by overlapping them.
• Hence, these wings are known as fore wings or wing-covers elytra or tegmina. The hindwings or metathoracic wings are thin, membranous, transparent broad, delicate and are used in flight.
• When at rest they are kept folded and laid back over the abdomen under the elytra or wing covers.

2. Leg of Cockroach: There are three pairs of legs, each leg consists of

• Basal podomere or coxa which articulates with the sternum,
• Small trochanter or articular joint which is fused to
• Enlongated and fairly shout femur,
• A slender and spiny tibia and
• The tarsus or foot is composed of five short movable podomeres. The last podomere ends in the two claws, also known as pretarsus. Between the two claws, there is a delicate porous pad called the arolium or pulvilus, which is densely covered with bristles and helps in clinging.

3. The abdomen of cockroaches in both sexes bears one pair of anal cerci and apophyses. A male cockroach has anal styles while a female cockroach has brood pouches.

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Notes Differences between male and female cockroaches

4. The alimentary canal is made up of stomodeum (Foregut). Mesenteron (Midgut) and proctodaeum (Hindgut). The stomodeum and proctodaeum are lined internally by ectoderm whereas the mesenteron is lined by endoderm.

• The foregut consists of the mouth, pharynx oesophagus, crop and gizzard. In the gizzard are present 6 hard cuticular teeth which help in the mastication of the food. There is a stomodaeal valve present in the posterior region of the gizzard.
• The middle part of the alimentary canal is known as the mesenteron. At its anterior end are present 7-8 blindly ending tubular structures known as mesenteric caecae and at the posterior end are present the malpighian tubules.
• The hindgut is made up of the ileum, colon and rectum. One pair of salivary glands are present at the antero-ventral side of the crop.
• Each gland has a reservoir and bipartite glandular portion. A common efferent salivary duct from both glands opens at the base of the hypopharynx.

5. The Circulatory System is of open type. The blood is colourless, without haemoglobin, known as haemolymph. The body cavity (Haemocoel) is divided into 3 cavities by two diaphragms known as pericardial sinus, perivisceral and perineural sinuses.

• The heart is situated in the pericardial sinus and is made up of 13 segmentally arranged funnel-shaped chambers.
• There are fan-shaped muscles attached to the hearts in each segment known as alary muscles which help in opening and closing the ostia. The haemolymph flows in the heart in the forward direction.

6. Excretion is carried out by about 60 fine, yellow, unbranched, thread-like blind tubes called malpighian tubules. The main excretory product is uric acid.

• Respiration is carried out through the trachea.
• Compound eyes are formed of many optical units called ommatidia and the image formed is mosaic.

7. Male reproductive organs. It consists of one pair of testes, situated from 3rd to 6th abdominal segments. Each testis gives out a vas deferens. Both the vasa deferentia run posteriorly and open into an ejaculatory duct, where lies a gland known as the utricular gland.

• This gland has 3 types of tubules known as long peripheral tubules, short central tubules and one pair of seminal vesicles which store the sperms. The ejaculatory duct runs posteriorly and opens outside through an aperture known as the male gonopore.
• Around the male gonopore are situated a few chitinous structures known as male gonapophysis. This is made up of 3 phallomeres—left, right and ventral phallomeres.
• The left phallomere has some structures known as Titilator, Pseudopenis and Asperate lobe. All these help during copulation. The sperms of cockroaches are released in the form of a bundle known as spermatophore which is surrounded by 3 layers.

8. Female Reproductive organs. It consists of one pair of ovaries lying from the 3^rd to 6^th abdominal segments. Each ovary is made up of 8 beaded structures known as ovarioles, in which the eggs are arranged linearly in order of development.

• From each ovary arises a duct known as the oviduct. Both the oviducts join to make a common duct known as the vagina, which opens into the genital chamber through the female gonopore.
• In the gonopore lie a pair of spermathecae, one pair of collateral glands and six chitinous plates known as ovipositors.

9. Ootheca formation and egg laying. The eggs are laid in a brown, home purse-like egg case called an ootheca. The egg cases are laid in a dark place in a crevice, in the dirt, pushed down by the ovipositor.

• Each egg case contains 16 fertilized ova (eggs) in two vertical rows. Each egg in the egg case hatches into a colourless young cockroach called a nymph.
• Nymph, hatched undergoes gradual metamorphosis (6-9 moults) to form an adult.

Structural Organisation In Animals For NEET Biology Rana Tifirina (Frog)

Habitat of frog: Habitat means the natural abode (home) of an animal. Rana tigrina is commonly found in or near water of ponds, lakes, ditches, wells etc. It is an amphibious animal.

Habits

1. Feeding: The frog is mainly insectivorous. It feeds on living and moving insects, spiders and worms. It also shows cannibalism as the larger frogs eat up the smaller ones. It captures its prey with the help of its tongue.
2. Locomotion: It is through swimming-leaping and floating.
3. Croaking. During the rainy season, a noisy chorus of croaking frogs is often heard in the evening or at night. When the air from the lungs is exhaled, it sets the vocal cord, and presents the laryngotracheal chamber, with vibrations and thus voice or croaking is produced.
   • The male frogs croak more loudly than the females. They possess a pair of large, distensible vocal sacs, one on either side of the throat. The vocal sacs act as resonators and help in raising the mating call for the female.
4. Breeding: During the rainy season (i.e. from July to September) frogs collect in some quiet, shallow water pond and croak loudly. The male and female frogs undergo pairing.
   • The swellings called copulatory or nuptial pads help in clasping the female firmly. The couple remains in this condition for several days and can swim in water; the female mainly bears the burden of the male during swimming.
   • The female ultimately lays an egg over which the male sheds its spermatic fluid. The sexual embrace between a male and a female frog which leads to the laying of the egg by the female and the discharge of sperm by the male is called amplexus or pseudocopulation.
   • It differs from the process of copulation in which the male transfers its sperm inside the body of the female. After amplexus, the male frog gets down the female and both start living separately.
5. Hibernation. A frog is a cold-blooded or poikilothermal animal. Its body temperature does not remain constant, but it changes according to the temperature of the surroundings in which it lives.
   • In winter, the temperature of its body falls considerably. It cannot bear the severe cold of winter. Its metabolic activities are slowed down and this may ultimately lead to death.
   • To avoid this, it buries inside the mud or moist soil. It may burrow about 60-90 ems deep. There it lies in a state of rest or sleep. It does not move. Its mouth and nostrils are kept closed.
   • It respires through the skin. It does not feed and lives on food stored as glycogen in the liver and fat in the fat bodies. In this condition, it rests or sleeps throughout winter.
   • This particular condition of rest in winter by frogs is called winter sleep or Hibernation. At the approach of spring, warmth wakes it up and it comes out of its burrow and again begins to lead an active life.
6. Aestivation. During summer, when the temperature is quite high, the frog again goes deep into the water. It may bury itself in the mud at the bottom of the pond. The pond may dry up. The frog remains inactive and can tide over the unfavourable period.

Morphology And Anatomy Of Animals NEET

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Important Questions Size, Shape and Colour

• Frog has an ovoid and dorsoventrally flattened body which is streamlined. It has a length of 10-17 cm and a breadth of 5-8cm.
• The body shows external bilateral symmetry whereby the right and left halves of the body are mirror images of each other. The animal has anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal and lateral sides.

Body Covering

• The body is covered over by a loosely attached skin. The surface of the skin is smooth and soft. It is also slippery because it secretes a thin film of mucus.
• Due to the looseness of the skin, several longitudinal wrinkles appear especially on the dorsolateral sides. They are called dermal plicae.

Body Divisions

• The body of the animal can be divided into two parts, head and trunk. The tail and neck are absent.
• To the anterior and posterior parts of the trunk are attached limbs, one on either side.

Head

• The head of the frog is roughly triangular in outline. It is flattened. The anterior upper part of the head is called the snout.
• The snout is blunt. The mouth is in the form of a transverse slit which runs throughout the border of the head.
• It is normally kept closed except at the time of the feeding. Just behind the tip of the snout are found two small dorsal openings called external nares or nostrils. The top of the head bears two dorsolateral large and bulging eyes.

The position of the eyes enables frogs to see in different directions even in the absence of a neck. Each eye has three eyelids. – upper, lower and nictitating membrane.

• The upper eyelid is opaque, pigmented and thick. It is almost immovable. The lower eyelid is small and semitransparent. It is slightly movable. The nictitating membrane is also called the third eyelid.
• It arises from the inner surface of the lower eyelid. The nictitating membrane is transparent and freely movable to cover the whole eyeball. It protects the eyeball from mud and water.
• Outside water, keeps the eyeball moist. The eye can be withdrawn into the head. Just anterior to the eyes, is found a small dorsal and light-coloured swelling called a brow spot.

Behind each eye is found an obliquely placed circular membranous patch named tympanum ear drum or tympanic membrane. It is bounded using a slightly raised ring of cartilage. External pinna or ear is absent.

• The ventral surface of the head is soft and is called the throat. It is alternately raised and lowered in a type of breathing.
• In males, the throat beats two bluish and wrinkled particles towards the posterior end. They are called vocal sacs. The vocal sacs can be Inflated to act as resonators of sound.

Trunk

• The main body or trunk is flattened and oval. It can be distinguishable Into the anterior hard chest and posterior sort belly or abdomen.
• The posterior end beats a small circular apci line called the cloacal aperture. It is a common opening for the passage of animal excreta, urine, eggs or sperm.

Pairs of Pcntadactyl Limbs

The trunk bears two pairs of appendages, forelimbs and hind limits. Therefore, Hie’s animal is a quadruped. The lore limb has three parts-upper arm or hrucliltim, fore units or antebradiium and hand or maims.

• The hand is further distinguishable into three parts carpus, palm or metacarpus and fore-diglsts or lingers. There are only four fingers. The finger corresponding to our thumb is absent.
• However, it can fall under the skin. The first or inner among the remaining four is equivalent to our index linger.
• This finger develops ampleuxsory or nuptial pad during the breeding season in males, Articular pads occur on the under-surface of the finger joints.

In the silling position die lore limbs arc bent outwardly in the elbow region. The hind limbs or legs are differentiated into a proximal thigh or femur, a middle shank or crus and a distal fool or pes.

• The foot has diree parts ankle or tarsus, metatarsus or instep and live toes or bind digits. The membranous fold of skin or web occurs between die toes. The first toe is called hallux.
• The fourth toe is the longest. A prehnlhix or sixth toe can fall under the skin, Articular pads occur on die under-surface of toe joints. In the selling position, the hind limbs are folded like the letter Z.

Rattus Rattus (Rat)

• Common Indian black rat (Rattus rattus) in nocturnal, inhabiting holes and burrows.
• A rat is about 20 cm in length, its body is covered by hair, except in a few places and is characterized by a fusiform body.
• The rat is bilaterally symmetrical. Its body is covered over by soft fur of hairs shown as pelagae. It is black dorsally and grey on its ventral side.

Features of Rat

• Its body is 15 to 20 cm in length and is divided into 4 regions.
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Trunk
  4. Tail
• The integument is made up of epidermis, dermis and their derivatives.

Rat External characters.

1. Head. It lies at an angle with the long axis of the rest of the body. It is elongated and conical. It is broad posteriorly and tapers anteriorly into a naked snout.

• At the tip of the snout, is a short, transverse opening, known as the mouth, The mouth is bounded by fleshy and movable upper and lower lip. The upper lip bears a cleft in the middle to form the hair lip.
• Through this cleft of the upper lip, the incisors are visible. Just above the mouth, are situated two inverted comma-like nostrils or external nares, which lead into the nasal chambers.
• Behind the nostrils, on the side of the head, lies a prominent bulging eye. The eyes are black and the pupils are rounded. Each eye is bounded above, and below by movable and opaque upper and lower eyelids.

The eyelids are provided with very fine and short eyelashes. The third eyelid i.e., the nictitating membrane is also present at the inner corner of each eye.

• The meibomian glands, which are situated at the margin of the eyelids, are very prominent or conspicuous. Behind the eyes, the head bears posterolaterally, a pair of external cars or pinnae. The pinnae are meant for collecting sound waves.
• On the sides of the snout and also above the below eyes, are present long, stiff, bristle-like hairs, called whiskers or vibrissae.
• They are sensitive to touch and they enable the animal to judge whether it can pass through a

2. Neck. It is short and without anything special. It simply connects the head with the trunk and enables the former to move in all directions.

3. Trunk. It is lightly compressed dorsoventrally and divisible into two regions.

1. Thoracic region.
   • It is the anterior small region of the trunk and is also known as the chest.
   • It is strengthened by the ribs.
   • It encloses the heart and the lungs.
2. Abdominal region.
   • It is the posterior larger and soft region of the trunk.
   • It is without ribs and encloses the remaining viscera of the body.
3. On the ventral side of the trank of females, are present six pairs of teats or nipples or mammae on which open the milk glands.

Three pairs of teats are present in the thoracic region and the remaining three pairs are restricted to the abdominal region of the trank. In males, the teats are vestigial.

There are two pairs of limbs, attached at the anterior and posterior sides of the trank. The limbs are constructed on the pentadactyl pattern.

Each forelimb consists of an upper arm or brachium, forearm or antebrachial and hand or manus. The hand has a wrist or carpus, palm or metacarpus and 4 well-developed lingers or digits.

• The thumb is vestigial. Each digit ends in a horny claw, which is well developed and is used for digging the burrows.
• Each hind limb is divided into a thigh or femur, a shank or crus and a foot or pes. The foot consists of an ankle or tarsus, insteps or sole or metatarsus and 5 clawed digits to toes.
• The typical walking pads are present on the tips of the digits, palms and the insteps. The palms and soles are not hairy.

At the posterior extremity of the trunk, underneath the base of the tail, lies an opening, the anus. It is the posterior opening of the alimentary canal.

• In front of the anus, oh the ventral side of the trunk, are present the external sex organs. In male rats, they consist of a pair of scrotal sacs, containing testes and a retractile penis, the copulatory organ.
• The distal part of the penis is very sensitive and known as the glans penis, covered over by a loose fold of integument, the prepuce. At the tip of the penis is situated the urinogenital opening.
• In female rats, the sex organs are marked by an opening of the vulva which leads into the vegina.

In front of the vulva, is present the urethral orifice, situated on a short papilla. Unlike male rats, the urinary and genital openings are separate in female rats.

4. Tail. It is long and covered with small overlapping scales. Emerging from under the leg of each scale, are three short bristle-like hairs. The tail is a balancing organ.

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Previous Year Questions  Interaction of Earthworms with mankind

The Earthworms are both beneficial and harmful to man directly or indirectly.

Beneficial aspects: The beneficial aspects of the Earthworm are as follows:

1. Beneficial to agriculture: The Earthworms are of enormous value to agriculturists in the following ways:

• The burrows of the Earthworms make the soil more combed which becomes porous and serves better for respiration and penetration of the developing roots. The earthworms are considered to be natural ploughs.
• The decaying vegetation which is carried by Earthworms into the burrows enriches the soil.
• The soil particles are broken into a fine state when they pass through the muscular gizzard.
• The Earthworms bring out fresh soil in the form of castings and thus a thick layer of humus is formed. Along with the castings, nitrogenous matters are also given out which are added to the soil and used by the plants.
  • According to Charles Darwin, there are about 53,000 Earthworms in one acre of soil.
  • He estimated that in a single year, about 80 tons of castings are added to the surface of soil in one acre and can cover the surface by a layer of about 1/5 inch. Thus the earthworms are known as friends of the farmers.

2. As food for man: In many countries such as China, Japan, Burma etc. Earthworms are used as food for man. The edible preparations are made in many ways.

3. As medicines: Earthworms are also used as medicines. It is said that it cures stones in the bladder, jaundice, piles, diarrhoea, sexual impotency etc.

4. As bait for fishing: Earthworms are also used as bait for fishing. These are cut into small pieces and used as baits. In many countries, there are separate centres for the sale of earthworms.

5. Use in the laboratory: As earthworms are commonly found all over the world they are used for dissections in zoological laboratories.

6. As a dispersal agent: The dispersal of small seeds and fruits is also done by Earthworms.

Harmful aspects: The Earthworms are also harmful in the following ways:

1. They spoil the fields and the gardens. Burrows often cause water-oozing and soil erosion.
2. Earthworms also act as intermediate hosts of some parasites such as Monocystis, the cestoda, and Amoeba. Taenia and the Metastrongilus.
3. The Earthworms also damage the plants. Pheretima damages the roots of Piper Betel in Coimbatore. It also damages the roots of paddy in Malabar. However, the Earthworms are more beneficial to man.

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Mcqs With Answers Interaction of Cockroach with Mankind (Economic Importance)

1. Harmful activities
   • It damages household materials like clothes, shoes, purses, etc.
   • It contaminates the foodstuffs and befouls them so that they become unpalatable.
   • These also act as vectors for the germs of some diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, etc.
2. Useful activities
   • These are used as food by the people of some South American countries and Myanmar.
   • These are used as food for many useful animal types like amphibians, lizards, birds and rodents.
   • Cockroaches are used as safe experimental animals for laboratory experiments and biological research as these are easily available.

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Revision Notes  Interaction of frog with mankind (Economic Importance)

A frog is a useful animal for to following reasons:

1. A frog is used in biological control as eats upon crop’s pest insects which also saves the expenditure on the insecticides.
2. A frog is used as an experimental animal for teaching, research, pharmacology, etc.
3. Its muscular legs are used as food in some parts of India and many other countries.
4. Small froglets are used as fish bait.

Structural Organisation In Animals Neet Study Material Interaction of Rats with Mankind

Beneficial activities:

• It serves as a crucial element of the food chain, providing sustenance for many reptiles, birds, and mammals.
• It is utilized as sustenance for individuals in certain nations.
• It is beneficial in education and biomedical research.
• These are utilized as experimental subjects to investigate the effects of pharmaceuticals for eventual application in human medicine.
• These are utilized in genetic studies to examine traits such as variances in coat color.

Detrimental actions:

• These serve as significant pests of crops and stored grains, inflicting harm on approximately 20 percent annually.
• These entities undermine the roots of plants by creating burrows and tunnels.
• Burrows constructed by rats provide as refuge for venomous creatures. For instance, serpents.
• These inflict harm on books, clothing, food, leather items, doors, and other materials due to their nibbling behavior.
• It serves as a vector host for rat fleas that disseminate the plague bacterium.

NEET Biology Morphology Of Animals Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. Segmentation is found in:

1. Annelida
2. Arthropoda
3. Vertebrata
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 2. Segmentation in Annelids is:

1. Homonomous
2. Heteronomous
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 3. In earthworm brain is located in:

1. Prostomium
2. Peristornium
3. Third segment
4. Second segment.

Answer: 3. Third segment

Question 4. In earthworms, coelomic fluid oozes out through the:

1. Nephridiopores
2. Nephrostome
3. Dorsal pores
4. Spermathecal pores.

Answer: 3. Dorsal pores

Morphology Of Animals Neet Questions

Question 5. Which of the following does not apply to earthworms?

1. Indirect development
2. Protandry
3. Extracellular digestion
4. Closed circulatory system.

Answer: 1. Indirect development

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question and Answers

Animal Morphology MCQs Question 6. A coelomic cavity in earthworms is:

1. Schizocoelic
2. Enterocoelic
3. Haemocoelic
4. Pseudocoelic.

Answer: 1. Schizocoelic

Question 7. The colour of the earthworm is given by:

1. Porphyrin
2. Chromatophore
3. Vitamin D
4. Haemoglobin.

Answer: 1. Porphyrin

Question 8. The function of dorsal pores in earthworms is:

1. Respiration
2. Elimination of waste
3. Exudation of body fluids
4. Excretion.

Answer: 3. Exudation of body fluids

Question 9. An earthworm’s body is devoid of the:

1. Cuticle
2. Setae
3. Appendages
4. Epidermis.

Answer: 3. Appendages

Morphology Of Animals Neet Questions

Question 10. Septa without aperture lies between:

1. 11/12; 12/13 and 13/14 segments
2. 12/13; l3/14 and 14/15 segments
3. 10/11; l1/12 ard 12/13 segments
4. 9/10; 10/11 and 11/12 segrnents.

Answer: 1. 11/12; 12/13 and 13/14 segments

Question 11. In earthworms, chromophil cells are found in:

1. Pharyngeal gland
2. Respiratory cell
3. Sensory cell
4. Vascular system.

Answer: 1. Pharyngeal gland

Question 12. The major role of typhlosole in the intestine of earthworms is:

1. To control the flow of blood
2. To increase the absorptive surface
3. To produce digestive enzyme
4. To kill bacteria.

Answer: 2. To increase absorptive surface

Animal Morphology MCQs Question 13. The presence of coelom and metamerism are important characters in:

1. Helminthes
2. Arthropods
3. Annelids
4. Coelenterates.

Answer: 3. Annelids

Animal Morphology Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 14. The cuticle of annelids is:

1. Non-chitinous and albuminoid
2. Chitinous
3. Chitinous and albuminoid
4. Non-chitinous.

Answer: 4. Non-chitinous.

Question 15. Earthworm is composed of 120 segments and prostomium refers to:

1. First segment
2. 2Nd segment
3. Not a segment
4. Part of the reproductive system.

Answer: 3. Not a segment

Question 16. Setae are present in all sections except:

1. First and last segment
2. The first segment and the clitellum
3. Clitellum, first and anal segments
4. Clitellurn and last segment.

Answer: 3. Clitellum, first and anal segments

Question 17. Clitellum in earthworms includes:

1. First three segments
2. 14,15 And 16 segments
3. Last three segments
4. 19. 20 and 21 segments.

Answer: 2. 14,15 And 16 segments

Animal Kingdom Mcqs For Neet

Question 18. ln earthworm the clitellar region helps in the process of:

1. Copulation
2. Conformation
3. Digestion
4. Locomotion.

Answer: 2. Conformation

Question 19. Where would you find calcareous glands in Pheretima?

1. Oesophagus
2. Stomach
3. Rectum
4. Typhlosole.

Answer: 2. Stomach

Question 20. During locomotion of earthworms:

1. Longitudinal muscles contract first
2. Circular muscles contract first
3. Both muscles contract simultaneously
4. Both muscles relax simultaneously.

Answer: 2. Circular muscles contract first

Animal Morphology MCQs Question 21. Which of these is secreted by pharyngeal mass?

1. Albumen
2. Mucin
3. Mucin and proteases
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Mucin and proteases

Animal Kingdom Mcqs For Neet

Question 22. The flow of blood in a dorsal blood vessel of Pheretima is:

1. From in front backwards
2. From behind forward
3. In both directions
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. From behind forward

Question 23. Lateral hearts in Pheretima are situated in the following segments:

1. 12^th and 13^th
2. 10^th and 11^th
3. 7^th and 9^th
4. Both 1^st and 3^rd.

Answer: 3. 7^th and 9^th

Question 24. Blood glands in earthworms are situated in 4, 5 and 6 segments. These are associated with:

1. Excretion
2. Digestion
3. Secretion
4. Formation of blood corpuscles.

Answer: 4. Formation of blood corpuscles.

Question 25. Lateral oesophageal heats in Pheretima are situated in the segments:

1. 12 and 13
2. 10 and 11
3. 9 and 14
4. 7 and 9^th.

Answer: 1. 12 and 13

Animal Morphology MCQ For NEET Biology With Answers Question 26. The blood of earthworms is:

1. Colourless
2. Pinkish
3. Bluish
4. Red.

Answer: 4. Red.

Structural Organization In Animals Mcq Neet

Question 27. Which of these vessels distribute the blood in the first thirteen segments:

1. Dorsal
2. Oesophageal
3. Subneural
4. Lateral.

Answer: 1. Dorsal

Question 28. The blood from the seminal vesicle of earthworm is collected by:

1. Lateral oesophageal
2. Ventral blood vessel
3. Ventro tegumentary vessel
4. Subneural vessel.

Answer: 1. Lateral oesophageal

Question 29. The excretory organs in earthworms are:

1. Nephridia
2. Malpighiantubules
3. Flame cells
4. Coelomic ducts.

Answer: 1. Nephridia

Animal Morphology MCQ For NEET Biology With Answers Question 30. Pharyngeal nephridia of earthworms are situated in segments:

1. 4,5 and 6
2. 5,6,7
3. 3, 4 and 5
4. 6, 7, 8.

Answer: 1. 4,5 and 6

Question 31. In earthworm, mesonephric excretion takes place by:

1. Integumentary nephridia
2. Septal nephridia
3. Septal and pharyngeal nephridia
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Integumentary nephridia

Question 32. The Pharyngeal nephridia in earthworms do not open:

1. Externally
2. Terminally
3. Internally
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Externally

Question 33. The origin of nephridium is:

1. Germinal.
2. Ectodermal
3. Mesodennal
4. Endodermal.

Answer: 2. Ectodermal

Structural Organization In Animals Mcq Neet

Question 34. In Pheretima in which segments septal nephridia are found?

1. In all the segments
2. From the 15^th to the last segment
3. In the first 15 segments
4. From the 10^th to the last segment.

Answer: 2. From the 15^th to the last segment

Animal Morphology MCQ For NEET Biology With Answers Question 35. Where nephrostome is present in Pheretima?

1. Septal nephridia
2. Integumentary nephridia
3. Pharyngeal nephridia
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Septal nephridia

Question 36. In earthworms, chloragogen cells perform:

1. Glycogen synthesis
2. Synthesis of urea
3. Removal of silicates
4. Elimination of surplus Ca⁺⁺ ions.

Answer: 2. Synthesis of urea

Question 37. How many eyes are found in Pheretirna:

1. None
2. One
3. Two
4. Many.

Answer: 1. None

Question 38. Enteronephric nephridia throws out the excretory material:

1. Through alimentary canal
2. Through cloacal aperture
3. Directly outside
4. Through the circulatory system.

Answer: 1. Through alimentary canal

Important MCQs On Animal Kingdom Question 39. In earthworms the ovary is situated in the:

1. 18^th segment
2. 10^th segment
3. 13^th segment
4. 14^th segment

Answer: 3. 13v segment

Question 40. In earthworms, the testes are enclosed in the segments:

1. 9^th and 10^th
2. 8^th and 9^th
3. 11^th and 10^th
4. 12^th and 10^th

Answer: 3. 11^th and 10^th

Question 41. In earthworms, the spermathecae are used for:

1. Development of ovum
2. Development of sperms
3. Storing of spermatozoa
4. Storing ova.

Answer: 3. Storing of spermatozoa

Structural Organization In Animals Mcq Neet

Question 42. Which statement is not correct for septal nephridia of Pheretima?

1. These occur in all segments except the first fourteen
2. They are enteronephric
3. They have a complicated nephrostome
4. They are exonephric.

Answer: 4. They are exonephric.

Question 43. Copulation occurs between two earthworms:

1. Generally at night during the rainy season
2. Generally at day time during the rainy season
3. At night during the winter season
4. At night during the summer season.

Answer: 1. Generally at night during the rainy season

Question 44. The difference between septal and pharyngeal nephridia in earthworms relates to:

1. Straight lobe
2. Vesicle
3. Funnel
4. Mode of action.

Answer: 3. Funnel

Question 45. The neurons in earthworms are:

1. Motor
2. Sensory
3. Adjustor
4. Motor, sensory and adjustor.

Answer: 4. Motor, sensory and adjustor.

Question 46. Septal nephridia are:

1. Largest in size
2. Double the size of integumentary nephridia
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Smallest in size.

Answer: 3. Double the size of integumentary nephridia

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 47. The total number of pores in the body wall of Pheretima, which are concerned with reproduction is:

1. 7
2. 11
3. 13
4. 14.

Answer: 2. 11

NEET Biology Animal Morphology and Anatomy MCQs  Question 48. Which is correct about earthworms?

1. It has a brain but no head
2. It has locomotory organs
3. It secretes a cocoon around the unfertilized egg
4. It can crawl on a smooth surface easily.

Answer: 1. It has a brain but no head

Question 49. Earthworms are:

1. Harmlul lo man
2. Useful to man
3. Both useful and harmful to man
4. Found only near banks of river.

Answer: 3. Both useful and harmful to man

Question 50. Which of the following is not an arthropod characteristic?

1. Jointed appendages
2. Unsegmented body
3. Periodic moulting
4. Articulated exoskeleton.

Answer: 2. Unsegmented body

Question 51. Which of the following arthropods are not mandibulates?

1. Insects
2. Crab
3. Shrimps
4. Spider.

Answer: 4. Spider.

Question 52. Which of the following is not a characteristic of insects?

1. Three body divisions
2. Three pairs of jointed legs
3. Two pairs of antennae
4. Excretion by malpighian tubule.

Answer: 3. Two pairs of antennae

Question 53. Earthworms and cockroaches have one thing in common:

1. Ventral nerve cord
2. Closed blood vascular system
3. Nephridia
4. Trachea.

Answer: 1. Ventral nerve cord

NEET Biology Animal Morphology and Anatomy MCQs  Question 54. In insects compound eyes are formed by:

1. Ocelli
2. Ommatidia
3. Eye spots
4. Haematochrome

Answer: 2. Ommatidia

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 55. The first antennal segment is known as:

1. Frons
2. Pedicel
3. Scape
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Scape

Animal Morphology MCQs  Question 56. Which of the following two parts in a cockroach are fundamentally similar in structure:

1. Mandible and antenna
2. Wings and anal cerci
3. Anal style and labrum
4. Maxilla and labium.

Answer: 4. Maxilla and labium.

Question 57. In Periplaneta, the number of spiracles is:

1. Six pairs
2. Eight pairs
3. Ten pairs
4. Twelve pairs

Answer: 3. Ten pairs

Question 58. In Periplaneta, the sclerites which surround the genital aperture are termed:

1. Gonophores
2. Genitals
3. Gonapophyses
4. Sterna.

Answer: 3. Gonapophyses

Question 59. In cockroaches the exoskeleton is made of:

1. Calcium carbonate
2. Calcium phosphate
3. Chitinous cuticle
4. Calcium sulphate.

Answer: 3. Chitinous cuticle

Animal Morphology MCQs  Question 60. The dorsal Plate of the cockroach is:

1. Pleuron
2. Plastron
3. Tergum
4. Stemum.

Answer: 3. Tergum

Question 61. Glossa and paraglossa are collectively termed as:

1. Lingua
2. Ligula
3. Labium
4. Labrum.

Answer: 2. Ligula

Question 62. Anal cerci are Present:

1. Only male Ascaris
2. Only in male cockroaches
3. Only in female cockroaches
4. In both male and female cockroaches

Answer: 4. In both male and female cockroaches

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 63. The flagellum of the antenna of a cockroach is:

1. 11 jointed
2. 13 segmented
3. Unjointed
4. Many jointed

Answer: 4. Many joined

Question 64. In cockroach antennae function as:

1. Thigmoreceptors, sensitive to touch
2. To help in catching insects
3. Locomotory structures
4. Feeding structures.

Answer: 1. Thigmoreceptors, sensitive to touch

Animal Morphology MCQs  Question 65. The chitinous endoskeleton in the head of the cockroach is known as:

1. Apodeme
2. Tentorium
3. Crematorium
4. Notatum.

Answer: 2. Tentorium

Question 66. Wings of cockroaches are attached to anterolateraL carriers of terga of:

1. Mesothorax
2. Metathorax
3. Prothorax
4. Mesothorax and metathorax

Answer: 4. Mesothorax and metathorax

Question 67. Which one of the following characters of the forewing of the cockroach is wrong:

1. Leathery
2. Without veins
3. Opaque
4. Protective.

Answer: 2. Without veins

Question 68. Clypeus is a Part of:

1. Head
2. Wing
3. Abdomen
4. Leg.

Answer: 1. Head

Question 69. From the feeding habits, cockroaches could be classified as:

1. Herbivore
2. Carnivore
3. Frugivore
4. Omnivore.

Answer: 4. Omnivore.

Question 70. The mouth parts of cockroach are:

1. Piercing type
2. Sponging type
3. Siphoning type
4. Cutting and biting type

Answer: 4. Cutting and biting type

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Animal Morphology MCQs  Question 71. Hepatic caecal in cockroaches is derived from:

1. Ileum
2. Midgut
3. Oesophagus
4. Crop.

Answer: 2. Midgut

Question 72. Which part of the digestive system secretes the peritrophic membrane around the food in cockroaches?

1. Crop
2. Gizzard
3. Hepatic camera
4. Stomodaeal valve

Answer: 4. Stomodaeal valve

Question 73. What will happen if a peritrophic membrane is not formed in cockroaches?

1. Digestion of food will stop
2. Absorption of food will stop
3. Midgut will be injured
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Midgut will be injured

Question 74. In cockroaches, the term regurgitation is associated with the:

1. Swallowing
2. Ingestion
3. Egestion
4. Absorption.

Answer: 4. Absorption.

Question 75. The body cavity of a cockroach is:

1. Coelom
2. Haemocoel
3. Coelenteron
4. Pseudocoel

Answer: 2. Haemocoel

 Question 76. The blood of cockroaches is white due to:

1. Absence of haemoglobin
2. The circulatory system is open
3. There are no salts in the blood
4. There is more water in the blood

Answer: 1. Absence of haemoglobin

Question 77. The tubular heart of a cockroach is composed of:

1. 7 chambers
2. 9 chambers
3. 13 chambers
4. 14 chambers

Answer: 3. 13 chambers

Animal Morphology Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 78. What is the name of the blood cells in Periplaneta americana?

1. Erythrocytes
2. Leucocytes
3. Haemocytes
4. Amoebocytes

Answer: 3. Haemocytes

Question 79. The respiratory passage in cockroaches during inspiration is:

1. Spiracle and trachea
2. Longitudinal respiratory tube
3. Air chamber
4. Stigmata.

Answer: 1. Spiracle and trachea

Question 80. Oxygen is transported in cockroaches by:

1. Blood
2. Lymph
3. Trachea
4. SPiracle.

Answer: 3. Trachea

Question 81. The trachea is supported by chitinous rings:

1. Inside the epithelium
2. Outside the epithelium
3. In between two epithelial layers
4. Both inside and around epithelial

Answer: 1. Inside the epithelium

Question 82. The nervous system of an insect consists of:

1. Sympathetic
2. Autonomous
3. Central, peripheral and sympathetic
4. Simple nerve cells.

Answer: 3. Central, peripheral and sympathetic

Question 83. The total number of ganglia present in the ventral nerve cord of a cockroach is:

1. 6
2. 9
3. 10
4. 13.

Answer: 2. 9

Animal Morphology Neet Previous Year Questions

Question 84. Ingluvial ganglion in cockroaches is present on the surface of:

1. Crop
2. Gizzard
3. Brain
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Crop

Question 85. During the night, the isolation of ommatidia is incomplete and all act as a single body. What type of image would he form:

1. Single
2. Blind
3. Blurred
4. Superimposed.

Answer: 3. Blurred

Question 86. Which one of these is formed by collagen cells of an ommatidium?

1. Cone cell
2. Crystalline cone
3. Corneal lens
4. Rhabdome.

Answer: 3. Corneal lens

NEET Biology Animal Morphology and Anatomy MCQs Question 87. The main excretory product of cockroaches is:

1. Urea
2. Ammonia
3. Uric acid
4. Urine.

Answer: 3. Uric acid

Question 88. The main excretory organs of insects are:

1. Kidneys
2. Nephridia
3. Malpighian tubules
4. Fat bodies.

Answer: 3. Malpighian tubules

Question 89. The malpighian tubules open at the junction of:

1. Gizzard and mid-gut
2. Mid gut and ileum
3. Ileum and colon
4. Colon and rectum.

Answer: 2. Mid gut and ileum

Morphology Of Animals Neet Questions

Question 90. Malpighian tubules pour the nitrogenous waste into the gut for the reabsorption of:

1. Useful salts
2. Glucose
3. Water
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Water

Question 91. A pair of rod-like structures situated on the sides of the oesophagus just behind the brain, secrete a growth Iannone, which is the one?

1. Corpora allata
2. Corpora cardiaca
3. Corpus striatum
4. Corpus callosum.

Answer: 2. Corpora cardiaca

Question 92. Brain hormone secreted by the intercerebral gland cells is responsible for the activation of:

1. Corpora cardiaca
2. Cerebral ganglia
3. Prothoracic gland
4. Salivary gland.

Answer: 3. Prothoracic gland

Question 93. The function of the collateral gland in cockroaches is to:

1. Store sperms
2. Secrete the egg case
3. Keep vagina moist
4. Store eggs.

Answer: 2. Secrete the egg case

Question 94. The function of the spermatheca in Periplaneta is:

1. To help in copulation
2. To store eggs
3. To secrete musky fluid
4. To store sperm.

Answer: 4. To store sperms.

Question 95. Testes of cockroach lie in which segment:

1. 3^rd and 4^th
2. 4^th and 5^th
3. 5^th and 7^th
4. 7^th and 8^th.

Answer: 2. 4^th and 5^th

Question 96. Mushroom mushroom-shaped gland name is given to:

1. Phallic gland
2. Conglobate gland
3. Utricular gland
4. Colletrial gland.

Answer: 3. Utricular gland

Question 97. How many times between hatching and its complete development the young cockroach undergoes ecdysis:

1. Not less than 7
2. Not less than 8
3. Not less than 9
4. Not less than 10.

Answer: 1. Not less than 7

Morphology Of Animals Neet Questions

Question 98. The spermatophore of the cockroach has 3 layered walls. The middle layer is secreted by:

1. Seminal vesicles
2. Long tubules
3. Ejaculatory duct
4. Phallic gland.

Answer: 3. Ejaculatory duct

NEET Biology Animal Morphology and Anatomy MCQs Question 99. In female cockroaches, the 7^th, 8^th and 9^th sterna enclose a cavity known as:

1. Egg chamber
2. Brood pouch
3. Oothecal chamber
4. Salivary chamber.

Answer: 2. Brood pouch

Question 100. Egg case of cockroach is known as:

1. Embryophore
2. Ootheca
3. Gonophore
4. Female gamete.

Answer: 2. Ootheca

Question 101. How many eggs do you find in the egg case of a cockroach?

1. Eight
2. Six
3. Twelve
4. Sixteen.

Answer: 4. Sixteen.

Question 102. Gradual metamorphosis occurs in:

1. Crow
2. Cat
3. Amoeba
4. Cockroach.

Answer: 4. Cockroach.

Animal Kingdom Mcqs For Neet

Question 103. The young of some insects resemble the adult in general structure but lack the wings and the mature reproductive organs, such a young one is called:

1. Nymph
2. Grub
3. Caterpillar
4. Maggot.

Answer: 1. Nymph

Question 104. Pulmonary breathing increases when the frog is:

1. Hibernating
2. Underwater
3. Overwater
4. Excited.

Answer: 4. Excited.

Question 105. The biggest part of the brain of a frog is known as:

1. Forebrain
2. Hindbrain
3. Midbrain
4. None of these.

Answer: 1. Fore brain

Important MCQs On Animal Kingdom Question 106. During the hibernation period, the left auricle of the frog heart contains:

1. Oxygenated blood
2. Deoxygenated blood
3. Mixed Blood
4. No blood.

Answer: 3. Mixed blood

Question 107. How many cranial nerves are present in the body of a frog?

1. 12 pairs
2. 8 pairs
3. 10 pairs
4. 14 pairs.

Answer: 3. 10 pairs

Animal Kingdom Mcqs For Neet

Question 108. In frogs, several spinal nerves are:

1. 9 pairs and 10th unpaired
2. l2 pairs
3. 31 pairs
4. 37 pairs.

Answer: 1. 9 pairs and 10th unpaired

Question 109. Which of the following statements apply to the teeth of a frog?

1. Homodonty
2. Heterodonty
3. Pleurodonty
4. Acrodonty and homodonty.

Answer: 4. Acrodonty and homodonty.

Question 110. Cells in the skin of a frog for change colour according to the environment are known as:

1. Chromatophores
2. Melanocytes
3. Phagocytes
4. Thrombocytes.

Answer: 1. Chromatophores

Question 111. In frog:

1. Adult kidney develops from nephridia
2. The heart has a single ventricular chamber
3. There is a single portal system
4. There are seven cervical vertebrae.

Answer: 2. The heart has a single ventricular chamber

Question 112. A frog is an ectothermic or poikilo-thermal animal because:

1. Its body temperature is constant irrespective of the fluctuation in the temperature of the environment
2. Its body temperature is higher than that of the surrounding environment
3. Its body temperature is low and fluctuates with temperature of the environment
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Its body temperature is low and fluctuates with the temperature of the environment

Important MCQs On Animal Kingdom Question 113. The dorsal median line present in the skin of a frog is:

1. Warming line
2. Cold adaptation line
3. Sensory line
4. Ornamental line.

Answer: 2. Cold adaptation line

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 114. The opening in the frog cranium in which the spinal cord comes out is called:

1. Foramen magnum
2. Occipital condyle
3. Pterygoid
4. Obturator foramen.

Answer: 1. Foramen magnum

Question 115. The number of vertebrae in the vertebral column of a frog is:

1. 9
2. 9 Vertebrae and urostyle
3. 8 Vertebrae and urostyle
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. 9 Vertebrae and urostyle

Answer:

1. Pelvic girdle
2. Pectoral girdle
3. Sacrum
4. Skull.

Answer: 2. Pectoral girdle

Question 117. Acetabulum in frogs is associated with:

1. Pelvic girdle
2. Pectoral girdle
3. Sacrum
4. Cranium.

Answer: 1. Pelvic girdle

Question 118. The Iliac crest is a feature of Rog’s:

1. Hyoid apparatus
2. Sacrum
3. Pelvic girdle
4. Pectoral girdle.

Answer: 3. Pelvic girdle

Question 119. The body of the frog is slimy with a mucus covering and the skin is maintained moist because the animal:

1. Cannot hold food with dry skin
2. Is unable to move with dry skin
3. Is unable to swim with dry skin
4. Has to perform cutaneous respiration.

Answer: 4. Has to perform cutaneous respiration.

Important MCQs On Animal Kingdom Question 120. A well-fed frog’s skin is fully covered with a wax coating. After a day, the animal is found to be lazy and slow. This is because:

1. Animal gets poisoned by nitrogenous wastes which the skin cannot excrete
2. The animal is hungry
3. The animal is oxygen-starved and cutaneous respiration is blocked
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. The animal is oxygen-starved and cutaneous respiration is blocked

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 121. The excretory product of an adult frog and tadpole in an internal gill stage respectively are:

1. Urea in both
2. Urea and uric acid
3. Urea and ammonia
4. Ammonia and uric acid.

Answer: 1. Urea in both

Question 122. A frog has no neck, suppose it has one, it would:

1. Swallow its prey
2. Unable to leap on land easily
3. Breathe easily by floating on the water’s surface
4. Swim easily in water.

Answer: 1. Swallow its prey

Question 123. Nuptial pads occur on frogs:

1. Inner toes
2. Outer toes.
3. Inner fingers
4. Outer fingers.

Answer: 3. Inner fingers

Question 124. A frog differs from a toad in:

1. Absence of warts
2. Absence of pinna
3. Presence of pigmented skin
4. Absence of neck.

Answer: 1. Absence of warts

Important MCQs On Animal Kingdom Question 125. In frogs, the nucleus giants are derivatives of:

1. Stratunr compactum
2. Stratum spongiosum
3. Epidermis
4. Dermis.

Answer: 3. Epidermis

Question 126. In frogs, teeth are present on:

1. Lower jaw
2. Upper jaw
3. Both jaws
4. None of these.

Answer: 2. Upper jaw

Question 127. In Amphibia the Jacobson organ is also known as:

1. Alimentary canal
2. Ear
3. Nasal chamber
4. Eye.

Answer: 3. Nasal chamber

Question 128. In frogs false copulation occurs since the penis is absent in the male and fertilisation of the eggs occurs:

1. Inside the bidder canal of the kidney
2. Externally in the water
3. When the egg is in the cloaca
4. When the egg passes through the uterus.

Answer: 2. Externally in the water

Question 129. In the blood of rats, there are approximately 6-10 thousand/ cubic ml of WBC. What is the approximate number of RBCs in the blood of a rat?

1. 4 lac/cu ml
2. 4-5 lac/cubic ml
3. 6-1 lac/cubic ml
4. 7-B lac/cubic ml.

Answer: 3. 6-1 lac/cubic ml

Question 130. In rats, respiratory bronchioles are not present at birth, they can be seen from which day onwards:

1. 8^th
2. 10^th
3. 12^th
4. 14^th

Answer: 2. 10^th

Question 131. The lungs of rats lie in the thoracic cavity. There are how many lobes in the right lung and left lung?

1. 3 and 1
2. 3 and 2
3. 2 and 3
4. 1 and 1.

Answer: 1. 3 and 1

Question 132. Which of the following is not an accessory reproductive gland of made rat?

1. Prostate and preputial
2. Cowper’s and vesicular
3. Ampullar gland
4. None of the above.

Answer: 4. None of the above.

Animal Morphology Mcq For Neet

Question 133. In rats fertilization is internal. lt takes place in:

1. Fallopian funnel
2. The dilated uppermost part of the oviduct
3. The uterine part of the oviduct
4. Uterus.

Answer: 2. Dilated uppermost of the oviduct

Question 134. In rats, there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves. How many pairs of spinal nerves are present?

1. 31 pairs
2. 32 pairs
3. 33 pairs
4. 36 pairs.

Answer: 3. 33 pairs

Question 135. Cockroaches and rats both are nocturnal. What is the difference in the formation of an image:

1. Mosaic in cockroaches and two on the retina in rats.
2. Many images of cockroaches and one image on the retina in a rat
3. Mosaic images in both
4. Apoposition images in cockroaches and superposition in rats.

Answer: 2. Many images of cockroaches and one image on retina in a rat

NEET Biology Skin And Its Derivatives Multiple Questions And Answers

Question 1. The body of the frog is covered by skin. It is held:

1. Tightly throughout
2. Loosely throughout
3. Tightly and loosely depending on the requirement
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Loosely throughout

Question 2. The outermost layer of the skin of a frog is:

1. Keratinized and dead
2. Non-keratinized and living
3. Keratinized and living
4. Non-keratinized and dead.

Answer: 1. Keratinized and dead

Question 3. Frog casts off the skin:

1. During disease condition
2. Only when the frog is agitated
3. Sometimes only
4. Usually throughout life at regular intervals

Answer: 4. Usually throughout life at regular intervals

Question 4. The Epidermis of the skin of a frog is:

1. Non-vascular and non-nervous
2. Non-vascular and nervous
3. Vascular and nervous
4. Vascular and non-nervous.

Answer: 2. Non-vascular and nervous

Skin And Its Derivatives NEET MCQs

Question 5. Which layer of the epidermis is endocrine?

1. Stratum Malpighi
2. Stratum corneum
3. Stratum lucidum
4. Stratum granulosum.

Answer: 1. Stratum Malpighi

Question 6. The layer of columnar cells in the epidermis is:

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Malpighi
3. Stratum lucidum
4. Stratum granulosum.

Answer: 2. Stratum Malpighi

Question 7. Chromatophores of frogs contain:

1. Black and yellow pigments
2. Yellow and green pigments
3. Red and green pigments
4. Black and green pigments.

Answer: 1. Black and yellow pigments

Question 8. The gland cells that secrete the slimy fluid in frogs are seen in:

1. Stratum compactum
2. Stratum spongiosum
3. Stratum corneum
4. Malpighian layer.

Answer: 1. Stratum compactum

Question 9. The skin functions as an excretory organ by removing waste products by way of secreting:

1. Sweat
2. Oil
3. Water
4. Salts.

Answer: 1. Sweat

Question 10. Parotid glands that are situated behind the head of Bufo are the modification of:

1. Poison gland
2. Ceruminous gland
3. Salivary gland
4. Mucous gland.

Answer: 1. Poison gland

Integumentary System MCQs For NEET

Question 11. Glands found in the skin of frogs are:

1. Sweat and sebaceous
2. Mucous and sebaceous
3. Sweat and mucous
4. Mucous and poison.

Answer: 4. Mucous and poisonous.

Question 12. Stratum Malpighi is composed of cells that are columnar and actively dividing:

1. During breeding season
2. Only for a fixed period
3. Throughout the life
4. Embryonic stage.

Answer: 3. Throughout the life

Question 13. The integument is usually called “Jack of all trades” because of it:

1. Performs varied functions
2. Only regulates the body temperature
3. Protects the body
4. Gives shape to various structures of the body.

Answer: 1. Performs varied functions

Question 14. The cells ofstratum corneum in frog:

1. Are most active cells
2. Form layer that cornify extremities
3. Form transparent layer
4. Are shed periodically.

Answer: 2. Form a layer that cornifies extremities

Question 15. Conjunctiva is formed of:

1. Dennis
2. Epiderrnis
3. Stratum compactum
4. Stratum lucidurn.

Answer: 2. Epiderrnis

Question 16. Colour of skin in amphibia is due to:

1. Corium
2. Keratin
3. Melanophores
4. Chromatophores.

Answer: 4. Chromatophores.

Question 17. Chemically keratin is:

1. Scleroprotein
2. Mucoprotein
3. Albuminoid
4. Bony.

Answer: 1. Scleroprotein

Structure And Function of Skin NEET

Question 18. A thin membrane cast off by the frog is composed of:

1. Squamous epithelium
2. Ciliated epithelium
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Cuboidal epithelium.

Answer: 4. Cuboidal epithelium.

Question 19. The skin of the frog is characterized by the absence of:

1. Scales
2. Epidermis
3. Mucous glands
4. Chromatophores.

Answer: 1. Scales

Question 20. Colouration in frogs is due to:

1. Iridescence of skin
2. Presence of melanophores
3. Growth of algal colonies on the skin
4. Presence of special chromatophores below the epidermal cells.

Answer: 2. Presence of melanophores

Question 21. Homy substance excreted by the skin is:

1. Wax
2. Keratin
3. Wax
4. Lignin and mucin.

Answer: 2. Keratin

Question 22. Mucous glands help the frog to get:

1. Moistened skin
2. Thick skin
3. Dark skin
4. Light skin.

Answer: 1. Moistened skin

Question 23. The function of the integument is:

1. Protection
2. To regulate body temperature
3. To check the entry of microbes
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 24. Seburn oil in our skin is secreted by:

1. Sweat gland
2. Mucous gland
3. Sebaceous gland
4. All of the above.

Answer: 3. sebaceous gland

Question 25. The epidermal layer consisting of dividing cells is:

1. Stratum lucidum
2. Stratum granulosum
3. Stratum germinativum
4. Stratum corneum.

Answer: 3. Stratum germinativum

Human Skin And Its Derivatives MCQs NEET

Question 26. The glands of the skin develop from:

1. Dermis
2. Epidermis
3. Stratum Malpighi
4. None of these.

Answer: 2. Epidermis

Question 27. The fibres which make the skin elastic are:

1. Yellow fibres
2. Collagen fibres
3. Smooth muscle fibres
4. Striated muscle fibres.

Answer: 1. Yellow fibres

Question 28. The skin of a frog receives impure or deoxygenated blood from:

1. Cutaneous vein
2. Cutaneous artery
3. Pulmonary artery
4. Pulmonary vein.

Answer: 2. Cutaneous artery

Question 29. If the stratum corneum (dead layer) is supposed to be living what will be the effect?

1. No sweat will ooze out
2. Bacteria will be killed
3. Bacteria will propagate
4. No effect.

Answer: 3. Bacteria will propagate

Question 30. The epidermis of man and frog have in common:

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum germinativum
3. Mucous glands
4. Both (1) and (2)

Answer: 4. Both (1) and (2)

Question 31. The mammalian epidermis in sequence is from the exterior:

1. Stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum iucidum
2. Stratum germinativurn, stratum corneum
3. Stratum germinativum, stratum comeum. Stratum spinosum
4. Stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum.

Answer: 1. Stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucid

Question 32. The skin of which of these classes of animals shows the least number and types of cutaneous glands?

1. Mammals
2. Birds
3. Amphibians
4. Reptiles.

Answer: 4. Reptiles.

Skin And Glands MCQs For NEET

Question 33. Skin plays an important role in osmoregulation in frogs by:

1. Active outflow of water
2. The osmotic inflow of water
3. Active uptake of salts
4. Passive inward diffusion of salts.

Answer: 2. Osmotic inflow of water

Question 34. Preen glands in the skin are a unique feature of the class:

1. Mammals
2. Pisces
3. Amphibia
4. Aves.

Answer: 4. Aves.

Layers Of Skin And Functions NEET

Question 35. Vibrissae are associated with the function of:

1. Thermoregulation
2. Gustation
3. Tactile perception
4. Reproduction.

Answer: 3. Tactile perception

Question 36. Meissner’s corpuscles are found in:

1. Skin
2. Tongue
3. Brain
4. Nerve cells.

Answer: 1. Skin

Question 37. Skin becomes oily by the secretion of:

1. Sudoriferous glands
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Sweat gland
4. Ceruminous gland.

Answer: 2. Sebaceous glands

NEET Biology Compound Histology Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. The intestinal villi are connected with:

1. Digestion of fats and carbohydrates
2. Absorption of proteins and glucose
3. Absorption of amino acids and glucose
4. Assimilation of digested food.

Answer: 3. Absorption of amino acids and glucose

Question 2. The outer coat of the stomach wall is:

1. Mucous membrane
2. Submucous coat
3. Muscularis mucosa
4. Serous coat.

Answer: 4. Serous coat.

Question 3. The pulp in the case of the tooth is covered by:

1. Dentine
2. Crown
3. Enamel
4. Layer of odontoblasts

Answer: 4. Layer of odontoblasts

Question 4. Islets oflangerhans are found in:

1. Kidney
2. Heart
3. Pancreas
4. Stomach.

Answer: 3. Pancreas

Question 5. Villi are located in:

1. Stomach
2. Gall bladder
3. Kidney
4. Intestine.

Answer: 4. Intestine.

Question 6. The cells that produce dilute hydrochloric acid in the stomach are:

1. Parietal cells
2. Argentaffin cells
3. Chief cells
4. Paneth cells.

Answer: 1. Parietal cells

Histology Mcqs For Neet

Question 7. The isolated patches of lymphoid tissue of the intestine are known as:

1. Hepatic cells
2. Islets of Langerhans
3. Peyer’s patches
4. Kupffer cells.

Answer: 3. Peyer’s patches

Question 8. Collagenous fibres of connective tissue are rich in:

1. Lysine, valine and proline
2. Lysine, proline and tryptophan
3. Proline hydroxy proline and glycine
4. Tryptophan, methionine and proline.

Answer: 3. Proline hydroxy proline and glycine

Question 9. Peyer’s patches and vermiform appendix are associated with the intestine in mammals. They are:

1. Digestive
2. Secretory
3. Lymphoid
4. Sensory.

Answer: 3. Lymphoid

Question 10. Muscles in the wall of the stomach responsible for the movement of food are:

1. Striated
2. Cardiac
3. Unstriated
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Unstriated

Question 11. Paneth celis are present in:

1. Crypts of lieberkuhn
2. Peyer’s patches
3. Islets of langerhans
4. Organ of Corti.

Answer: 1. Crypts of lieberkuhn

Question 12. The lining of the columnar epithelium of the stomach wall is seen in:

1. Serosa
2. Muscularis mucosa
3. Submucosa
4. Mucosa

Answer: 4. Mucosa

Histology Mcqs For Neet

Question 13. Arrange in the correct sequence the pair of tubular glands as seen in a cross-section of the stomach wall:

1. Neck
2. Base and
3. Isthmus

1. (1), (2) and (3)
2. (2), (3) and (1)
3. (3), (1) and (2)
4. (2), (1) and (3).

Answer: 1. (1), (2) and (3)

Question 14. Brunner’s glands are present in:

1. Submucosa of the oesophagus of rabbit
2. Submucosa of duodenum of frog
3. Submucosa of duodenum and proximal jejunum of rabbit
4. Mucosa of duodenum and ileum of rabbit.

Answer: 3. Submucosa of the duodenum and proximal jejunum of rabbit

Question 15. A maximum number of villi are present in:

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunurn
3. Ileum
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Ileum

Question 16. The stomach and intestine are lined internally by:

1. Columnar epithelium
2. Stratified epithelium
3. Cuboidal epithelium
4. Squamous epithelium.

Answer: 1. Columnar epithelium

Question 17. To which of the four major layers do the epithelial lining, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa belong:

1. Mucous membrane
2. Muscularis externa
3. Serosa
4. Submucosa.

Answer: 1. Mucous membrane

Question 18. In a cross-section of the wall of the stomach, no gland can be seen in the submucosal layer in any part except in:

1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pyloric part
4. Pyloric antrum.

Answer: 3. Pyloric part

Question 19. Which features are characteristics of parietal cells?

1. Their nuclei are dark and centrally placed
2. Rounded to triangular with relatively clear cytoplasm
3. They are found mainly in the base of tubular glands
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 4. Both (1) and (2).

Neet Biology Histology Questions

Question 20. In an empty stomach, the mucosa is thrown into folds known as:

1. Foveolae
2. Rugae
3. Incisura angular
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Rugae

Question 21. In which part of the intestine are argent affine cells or enterochromaffin cells found?

1. Oesophagus
2. Duodenum
3. Only in rectum
4. In all parts of the alimentary canal but more in the small intestine.

Answer: 4. In all parts of the alimentary canal but more in the small intestine.

Question 22. The epithelium in the conducting bronchioles (tertiary bronchi) is:

1. Stratified epithelium
2. Only pseudostratified epithelium
3. Pseudostratified, ciliated and columnar epithelium
4. Squamous epithelium.

Answer: 3. Pseudostratified, ciliated and columnar epithelium

Question 23. The terminal bronchiole is lined by:

1. Stratified epithelium
2. Pseudostratified epithelium
3. Ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium
4. Columnar or cuboidal epithelium.

Answer: 3. Ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium

Question 24. ln the terminal bronchiole which of the following is present?

1. Mucous cells
2. Columnar cells
3. Only elastic fibres
4. Elastic and reticular fibres.

Answer: 2. Columnar cells

Question 25. Number of alveoli in human lung is about:

1. One million
2. More than two million
3. More than five million
4. More than seven million.

Answer: 4. More than seven million.

Question 26. The lungs are externally covered by the layer called:

1. Parietal pleuron
2. Visceral pleuron
3. Ependyma
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Visceral pleuron

Question 27. The type of cartilage seen in the tracheal wall is:

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibro-cartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Elastic cartilage

Question 28. Which feature or features distinguish bronchioles from bronchi?

1. Bronchioles are less than 1 mm in diameter
2. Bronchioles have cartilage in their walls
3. Larger bronchioles are supported by connective tissue alone which extends from the interlobular septa
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 3. Larger bronchioles are supported by connective tissue alone which extends from the interlobular septa

Neet Biology Histology Questions

Question 29. The lungs of mammals contain an enormous number of alveoli. This is to allow:

1. More space for increasing the total volume of inspired air
2. More surface area for diffusion of gases
3. More spongy texture for keeping the lungs in proper shape
4. More nerve supply to maintain the effective working of the organ.

Answer: 2. More surface area for diffusion of gases

Question 30. In a section of the pancreas examined under low power, the Islets of Langerhans can be recognized as:

1. Pale area
2. Irregular clumps of cells and
3. Group of cells arranged in rings around the central duct:

1. (1), (2) and (i3)
2. (1) and (2)
3. (3)
4. (2) and (3).

Answer: 2. (1) and (2)

Question 31. The secretory units of the pancreas are known as:

1. Acini
2. Alveoli
3. Crypts
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Acini

Question 32. A gland which is exocrine as well as endocrine is:

1. Liver
2. Pancreas
3. Kidney
4. Spleen.

Answer: 2. Pancreas

Question 33. Insulin hormone is secreted by:

1. Kupffer’s cells
2. Peyer’s patches
3. Islets of Langerhans
4. Paneth cells.

Answer: 3. Islets of langerhans

Question 34. The sinusoids found in the hepatic lacunae inside the liver

1. The hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein
2. Hepatic portal vein to hepatic artery
3. Hepatic portal vein to bile duct
4. Hepatic artery to the hepatic vein.

Answer: 1. Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein

Histology Of Digestive System Mcqs For Neet

Question 35. The worn-out RBCs are ingested inside the liver by:

1. Cells of kupffer
2. Hepatocytes
3. Cells of hepatic laminae
4. Leucocytes.

Answer: 1. Cells of Kupffer

Question 36. Atomic bomb radiations cause ulcers in the mouth and large intestine and serious lung infection due to:

1. Leukaemia
2. Mutation
3. Anaemia
4. Agranulocytosis.

Answer: 4. Agranulocytosis.

Question 37. The centre of the classic fine lobules of the liver is formed by:

1. Portal vein
2. Hepatic artery
3. Central vein
4. Bile duct.

b 3. Central vein

Question 38. The sinusoids are lined by:

1. Reticulo-epithelial cells called kupffer cells
2. Paneth cells
3. Argentaffine cells
4. Columnar cells.

Answer: 1. Reticulo-epithelial cells called kupffer cells

Question 39. Which statement is true regarding the nuclei of the hepatic cells?

1. Nuclei are ovoid or round
2. Not uncommonly nucleated
3. Polyploid nuclei are numerous
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 1. Nuclei are ovoid or round

Question 40. The portal tract or portal radicle is composed of:

1. Central vein, portal vein and hepatic artery
2. Central vein, hepatic artery, bile duct and lymphatics
3. Portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct and lymphatics
4. Central vein and bile canals.

Answer: 3. Portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct and lymphatics

Question 41. Which one of the following is not a function of the spleen?

1. Destroying old worn out RBC’s and germs
2. Withdrawing RBCs from the general circulation and storing them
3. Producing leucocytes and erythrocytes
4. It is an endocrine gland.

Answer: 4. It is an endocrine gland.

Question 42. The red pulp found in the spleen is red because:

1. Capillary network of blood vessels
2. A large number of red pigments (lipophores) are present
3. It stores red blood cells
4. A large amount of free haemoglobin is present in its tissue.

Answer: 3. It stores red blood cells

Question 43. In a cross-section of the spleen, the grey nodules are seen:

1. Are trabecular which extend inward from the capsule of the spleen
2. From the red pulp which filters the rbc
3. From the white pulp which are site of lymphocyte production
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 3. Form the white pulp which are site of lymphocyte production

Histology Of Digestive System Mcqs For Neet

Question 44. The refineries in the tissue of the spleen which are surrounded by lymphatic tissue are also known as:

1. Trabecular arteries
2. Follicular arteries
3. Penicillate arteries
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Follicular arteries

Question 45. The genicular arteries formed by the branching of follicular arteries are:

1. 6-8 in number
2. 2-6 in number
3. 8-10 in number
4. Over 10 in number.

Answer: 2. 2-6 in number

Question 46. The cords of Billroth are situated:

1. In the white pulp
2. In the red pulp
3. Along the trabeculae
4. Between sinusoids.

Answer: 4. Between sinusoids.

Question 47. The sinusoids in the red pulp are lined by:

1. Squamous epithelial cells
2. Columnar cells
3. Reticuloendothelial cells
4. Stratified epithelium.

Answer: 3. Reticuloendothelial cells

Question 48. In certain species the capsule of the spleen is muscular and its contraction empties the blood from the spleen. In man:

1. The capsule is also muscular.
2. The capsule is not endowed with smooth muscle sufficient for contraction
3. None of the above
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 2. Capsule is not endowed with smooth muscle sufficient for contraction

Question 49. The glomeruli of the uriniferous tubules in the kidney are present in the following:

1. Rnedulla
2. Cortex
3. Pyramid
4. Pelvis.

Answer: 2. Cortex

Question 50. The outer cortex of the kidney in a T.S. appears granular or dotted because of:

1. Highly coiled uriniferous tubules in this region
2. Grannual cytoplasm
3. The presence of a loop of Henle
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Highly coiled uriniferous tubules in this region

Question 51. The Medulla of the kidney in T.S. appears striated because of the presence of:

1. Loop of Henle
2. Straight contractile fibrils
3. Unstriped muscle fibres
4. Striped muscle fibres.

Answer: 1. Loop of Henle

Question 52. Malpighian body is a structure found in:

1. Uriniferous tubules
2. Testis
3. Ovary
4. Tung.

Answer: 1. Uriniferous tubules

Question 53. The cells lining the ascending and descending limbs of “Loop of Henle” are of:

1. Squamous type
2. Ciliated type
3. Cuboidal type
4. Columnar type.

Answer: 3. Cuboidal type

Neet Previous Year Questions On Histology

Question 54. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is called:

1. Pyramid
2. Calyx
3. Nephron
4. Medula.

Answer: 3. Nephron

Question 55. The macula densa is that part of the:

1. Loop of henle where the tube loops
2. Proximal tubule that comes into contact with the glomerular root
3. Distal tubule that comes into contact with the glomerular root
4. Henle’s loop comes into contact with the glomerular root.

Answer: 3. Distal tubule that comes into contact with the glomerular root

Question 56. In 24 hours the glomerular capillaries of all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys filter:

1. 100 litres of fluid
2. 50-100 lirres of fluid
3. 100-150litres of fluid
4. 170-200 litres of fluid.

Answer: 4. 170-200 litres of fluid.

Question 57. The male sex hormone Testosterone, is secreted by special Leydig’s cells present in:

1. Kidneys
2. Seminiferous tubules of testis
3. The connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules of the testis
4. Cells lining the epidermis of the testis.

Answer: 3. Connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Question 58. The centre of the primary follicle is occupied by:

1. Follicular cells
2. Oogonium
3. Theca Interna
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Follicular cells

Question 59. The secondary follicle differs from the primary follicle in that:

1. The primary follicle has only a single layer of flattened cells around the oogonium
2. The secondary follicle has cuboidal, columnar and stratified epithelium around the oogonium
3. The oocyte within the secondary follicle is covered by a thick membrane called zona pellucida
4. All of the above.

Answer: 2. The secondary follicle has cuboidal, columnar and stratified epithelium around the oogonium

Question 60. Cumulus oophorus refers to:

1. Heap of oocytes found in the secondary follicle
2. Heap of follicular cells around the ovum in the primary follicle
3. Hill of follicular cells that act as handles to the ovum in the secondary follicle
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Hill of follicular cells that act as handles to the ovum in the secondary follicle

Question 61. What are the two types of cells seen in the seminiferous tubule?

1. Gonocytes and cells of Sertoli
2. Cells of Leydig and Rete cells
3. Stereociliary cells and cuboidal cells
4. Gonocytes.

Answer: 1. Gonocytes and cells of Sertoli

Question 62. In a section of the testis, the groups of cells seen scattered between seminiferous tubules are:

1. Cells of Sertoli
2. Gonocytes
3. Interstitial cells
4. Stereociliary cells

Answer: 3. Interstitial cells

Question 63. Septa which extend inward from the tunica albuginea separate the testis into compartments which contain:

1. Epididymis
2. Rete testes
3. Seminiferous tubules
4. Cells of Leydig.

Answer: 3. Seminiferous tubules

Neet Previous Year Questions On Histology

Question 64. How many layers does the muscle coat of the oviduct have?

1. One-longitudinal
2. The two-inner circular and outer longitudinal
3. Three-oblique fibres in addition to the above
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Two-inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 65. An atretic follicle is:

1. Also known as corpus albicans
2. That follicle which tails to mature and degenerates
3. That follicle which has released the ovum
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. That follicle which tails to mature and degenerates

Question 66. The single layer of germinal epithelium covering the ovary is composed of:

1. Squamous cells
2. Cuboidal cells
3. Columnar cells
4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Cuboidal cells

Question 67. The layer immediately interior to the tunica albuginea which forms the page of the cortex has a higher proportion of:

1. Intercellular substance
2. Connective tissue cells and fibres
3. (1) And (2)
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Connective tissue cells and fibres

Question 68. Villi of the ileum are:

1. Club shaped
2. Leaf shaped
3. Rounded
4. Variable.

Answer: 1. Club shaped

Question 69. Which one of the following is the characteristic feature of jejunum?

1. Villi which are rounded in shape
2. Paneth cells are present
3. Peyer’s patches are present
4. Crypts of leiberkuhn present.

Answer: 1. Villi which are rounded in shape

Question 70. Which tissue evolved first in the animal kingdom?

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Muscular tissue
3. Skeletal tissue
4. Connective tissue.

Answer: 1. Epithelial tissue

Question 71. The founder of histology as a separate branch of animal study was:

1. Leeuwenhoek
2. Robert Hooke
3. Marcello Malpighi
4. Stanley.

Answer: 3. Marcello Malpighi

Question 72. Which statements are correct regarding the nuclei of the hepatic cells:

1. Nuclei are ovoid to round
2. Not uncommonly binucleated
3. Polyploid nuclei are numerous

1. (1) and (2) are cotrect
2. (2) only
3. All the above
4. (3) only

Answer: 3. All the above

Question 73. The cells lining the periosteum are:

1. Periosteal cells
2. Osteogenic cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and osteocytes under appropriate condition
3. Osteoblasts which are capable of the formation of new osteoblasts
4. All of the above.

Answer: 2. Osteogenic cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and osteocytes under appropriate conditions

Question 74. A thick membrane rich in glycoproteins and formed around the outer surface of a developing ovum is known as:

1. Zona vascular
2. Zona pellucida
3. Theca follicle
4. Glassy membrane.

Answer: 2. Zona pellucida

Neet Previous Year Questions On Histology

Question 75. Bone is mainly composed of:

1. Iron and phosphorus
2. Calcium and phosphor
3. Sulphur and calcium
4. Calcium and magnesium

Answer: 2. Calcium and phosphor

Question 76. Which of the following has kidney shaped nucleus?

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Eosinophils
4. Monocytes

Answer: 4. Monocytes

Question 77. In rabbit, the epithelial lining of the oesophagus consists of:

1. Columnar epithelium
2. Stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium
3. Non-stratified squamous epithelium
4. Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

Answer: 2. Stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium

Question 78. In which of the following organs lamina propria is poorly developed?

1. Colon
2. Intestine
3. Oesophagus
4. Stomach.

Answer: 3. Oesophagus

Question 79. Muscularis mucosa of which of the following organs has taeniae?

1. Anus
2. Colon
3. Oesophagus
4. Rectum

Answer: 2. Colon

Question 80. Endometrium refers to the cellular lining of:

1. Oesophagus
2. Intestine
3. Bones
4. Bloocl vessel.

Answer: 1. Oesophagus

Question 81. All of the examples of gut-associated lymphatic tissue

1. Oesophagus
2. Fundic stomach
3. Tonsils
4. Duodenum.

Answer: 3. Tonsils

Question 82. Interlobular strands in the mammalian liver do not show:

1. Branch of hepatic vein
2. Branch of bile duct
3. Branch of hepatic artery
4. Sinusoids.

Answer: 4. Sinusoids.

Question 83. All are found in spongy bones except:

1. Osteoblasts
2. Bone marrow
3. Lacunae and canaliculi
4. Haversian canals.

Answer: 4. Haversian canals.

Question 84. Bone marrow is mainly composed of:

1. Periosteum and osteoblasts
2. Adipose tissue and blood vessels
3. Yellow and elastic tissue
4. Cartilage and elastic tissue.

Answer: 2. Adipose tissue and blood vessels

Question 85. Which one of the following is essential for the formation of myelin sheath?

1. Zinc
2. Sodium
3. Iron
4. Phosphorus.

Answer: 1. Zinc

Question 86. Reticulocytes are:

1. Immature erythrocytes
2. WDC
3. Blood platelets
4. Lymphocytes.

Answer: 1. Immature erythrocytes

Question 87. Haemopoiesis takes place in the bone mamaw of one of the following:

1. Radius
2. Femur
3. Humerus
4. Vertebrae.

Answer: 3. Humerus

Question 88. Serotonin in the blood:

1. Relaxes blood vessels
2. Prevents clotting of blood
3. Helps in the clotting of blood
4. Constricts blood vessels.

Answer: 4. Constricts blood vessels.

Question 89. Glisson’s capsule is present in:

1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Lung
4. Kidney.

Answer: 1. Liver

NEET Biology Animal Tissues Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. A cell in blood shows amoeboid movements, a multilobed nucleus, has granules in the cytoplasm and is phagocytic. Which of the following cells it can be?

1. Lymphocyte
2. Eosinophil
3. Neutrophil
4. Monocyte.

Answer: 3. Neutrophil

Question 2. The term lacunae regarding bones denotes:

1. Concentric rings in which osteocytes are arranged
2. The spaces housing osteocytes
3. Protoplasmic connections joining adjacent osteocytes
4. Oblique canals joining adjacent Haversian canals.

Answer: 2. The spaces housing osteocytes

Question 3. In which of the following functions bones do not participate?

1. Erythropoiesis
2. Erythrolysis
3. Immunity
4. Storage of minerals.

Answer: 2. Erythrolysis

Read and Learn More NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question and Answers

Question 4. Which of the following is true?

1. The columnar epithelium has the function of protection
2. Some columnar epithelium have specialized functions other than secretion
3. A1l or some have secretory functions
4. All of the above statements are true.

Answer: 4. All of the above statements are true.

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

 Question 5. The advantage of RBC’s being concave is that:

1. It increases their surface area
2. It can be piled over another in a blood vessel
3. They can fit into capillaries
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 6. Which statement is false about immature bone?

1. It is also termed woven bone or coarsely bundled bone because of the large quantity of collagen fibres
2. It has more intercellular substance than cells, compared to mature bone
3. The contents of intercellular substances are relatively less than in mature bone and hence are not as lightly opaque as in mature bone
4. The immature bone is transformed into mature bone except in certain sites such as tooth sockets near cranial sutures and tendon and ligament attachment.

Answer: 2. It has more intercellular substance than cells, compared to mature bone

Question 7. For the cells to form a tissue, they must:

1. Have different membrane proteins
2. Have different membrane potentials
3. Receive a command from the central nervous system
4. Recognize one another.

Answer: 4. Recognize one another.

Question 8. The major protein of the connective tissue is:

1. Keratin
2. Collagen
3. Myosin
4. Melanin

Answer: 2. Collagen

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

Question 9. Myoepithelial cells found between the bases of secretory cells and their basement membrane:

1. Aid in the expulsion of the secretion
2. Support the secretory cells
3. Support the basement membrane
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Aid in the expulsion of the secretion

Solved NEET MCQs On Animal Tissues Question 10. Proteins of anisotropic bands of muscles mainly consist of:

1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Tropomyosin
4. Actin, myosin and tropomyosin.

Answer: 4. Actin, myosin and tropomyosin.

Question 11. Plasma proteins like albumin, globulin and fibrinogen are produced in:

1. Muscles
2. Liver
3. Blood vessels
4. Spleen

Answer: 2. Liver

Question 12. Smooth muscle fibres are:

1. Cylindrical, unbranched, striated, multinucleate and voluntary
2. Spindle-shaped, unbranched, non-striated, uninucleate and involuntary
3. Spindle-shaped, branched and striated
4. Spindle-shaped, unbranched, striated, uninucleate and voluntary.

Answer: 2. Spindle-shaped, unbranched, non-striated, uninucleate and involuntary

Question 13. The skull bones are joined in a fashion rendering them immovable due to the occurrence of:

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Tendon
3. Adipose tissue
4. White fibrous tissue.

Answer: 4. White fibrous tissue.

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

Question 14. Regeneration of cartilage is brought about by:

1. Fibres
2. Perichondrium
3. Matrix
4. Nerves and blood vessels.

Answer: 2. Perichondrium

Solved NEET MCQs On Animal Tissues Question 15. Chondrocytes are typically:

1. Bluntly angular cells
2. Oval rigid cells
3. Spherical cells
4. Tapering elongated cells.

Answer: 2. Oval rigid cells

Question 16. The normal level of urea, in 100 ml of blood is:

1. 100 mg
2. 150 mg
3. 17 to 30 mg
4. 2 mg.

Answer: 3. 17 to 30 mg

Question 17. The inner surface of the urinary bladder is lined by:

1. Cuboidal cells
2. Pseudostratified epithelium
3. Transitional epithelium
4. Squamous epithelium.

Answer: 3. Transitional epithelium

Question 18. Albumins and globulins in plasma help:

1. To maintain viscosity
2. To retain water
3. In oxidation
4. In energy transfer.

Answer: 2. To retain water

Neet Mcq On Animal Tissues With Answers

Question 19. The supporting lining of connective tissue of hollow organs is known as:

1. Basal membrane
2. Basement membrane
3. Mucous membrane
4. Lamina propria.

Answer: 4. Lamina propria.

Question 20. The nucleus in pseudostratified epithelium is arranged:

1. At different levels
2. Uniformly
3. At the periphery
4. In the centre.

Answer: 1. At different levels

Question 21. Goblet cells constitute:

1. Unicellular mucous glands
2. Modified columnar cells
3. Stratified columnar cells
4. All the above.

Answer: 1. Unicellular mucous glands

Question 22. The internal lining of the blood vessel is formed by:

1. Mesothelium
2. Endothelium
3. Stratified epithelium
4. Glandular epithelium.

Answer: 2. Endothelium

Neet Mcq On Animal Tissues With Answers

Question 23. Gall bladder, bile duct, stomach and intestine are internally lined by:

1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Simple columnar epithelium
3. Transitional epithelium
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Simple columnar epithelium

Question 24. Tissue is formed by:

1. Similar cells with the same metabolic activity
2. Dissimilar cells with the same function
3. Similar cells with similar origin
4. Dissimilar cells with the same metabolic activity.

Answer: 3. Similar cells with similar origin

Structural Organisation in Animals NEET Questions Question 25. Which of the following tissues always has ciliated, glandular neurosensory and absorptive structure?

1. Muscular
2. Neurons
3. Epithelial
4. Connective.

Answer: 3. Epithelial

Question 26. The pseudostratified epithelium is found in the internal lining of:

1. Oviduct
2. Wolffian duct
3. Gall bladder
4. Trachea.

Answer: 4. Trachea.

Question 27. When the glandular cells of any gland are filled with secretion, the gland is:

1. Holocrine
2. Apocrine
3. Merocrine
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Holocrine

Neet Mcq On Animal Tissues With Answers

Question 28. The attachment between epithelial cells is due to:

1. Intercellular cement
2. Connective tissue
3. Intercellular fluid
4. Intracellular fluid and air spaces.

Answer: 1. Intercellular cement

Question 29. Transitional epithelium is found in:

1. Kidney
2. Renal pelvis and ureter
3. Larynx
4. Vein.

Answer: 2. Renal pelvis and ureter

Question 30. At places where there is much wear and tear, the stratified epithelium becomes flat and codified due to?

1. Chondrin
2. Elastin
3. Keratin
4. Ossein.

Answer: 3. Keratin

Question 31. Epithelial cells are concerned with:

1. Respiration
2. Excretion
3. Protection
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 32. Intercellular substances in epithelial tissue are:

1. Abundant
2. Negligible or absent
3. Normally average in quantity
4. Very little.

Answer: 2. Negligible or absent

Question 33. Which type of tissue forms glands?

1. Connective
2. Epithelial
3. Nervous
4. Muscular.

Answer: 2. Epithelial

Question 34. The longitudinal channels of bone are called:

1. Haversian canals
2. epithelial tissue
3. connective tissue
4. cardiac tissue.

Answer: 1. Haversian canals

Question 35. Blood is a:

1. Muscular tissue
2. Epithelial tissue
3. Connective tissue
4. Cardiac tissue.

Answer: 3. Connective tissue

Question 36. In fibrous connective tissue, the matrix is produced by the:

1. Wandering cells
2. Fibrocyte
3. Plasma cells
4. Mast cell.

Answer: 4. Mast cell.

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 37. Nissl bodies are found in:

1. Cartilage cells
2. Nerve cells
3. Muscle cells
4. Epithelial cells.

Answer: 2. Nerve cells

Question 38. A thin membrane cast off by the frog is composed of:

1. Squamous epithelium
2. Epitheloid cells
3. Columnar epithelium
4. Cuboidal epithelium.

Answer: 1. Squamous epithelium

Question 39. The fibrous tissue which connects the bones is called:

1. Ligament
2. Connective tissue
3. Tendon
4. Aponeurosis.

Answer: 1. Ligament

Question 40. The efferent process of neurons is known as:

1. Axon
2. Dendrite
3. Cyton
4. Neurofibrils.

Answer: 1. Axon

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 41. The epithelium with more than one cell thick layer is known as:

1. Compound
2. Columnar
3. Squamous
4. Pseudostratified.

Answer: 1. Compound

Question 42. Nails, hoofs and horns are examples of:

1. Connective tissue
2. Bony tissue
3. Epidermal tissue
4. Cartilage tissue.

Answer: 3. Epidermal tissue

Question 43. Nerve cells originate from:

1. Mesoderm
2. Mesenchyme
3. Endoderm
4. Ectoderm.

Answer: 4. Ectoderm.

Question 44. Kupffer cells of the liver are:

1. Mast cells.
2. Fat cells
3. Loose connective tissue cells
4. Phagocytic cells.

Answer: 4. Phagocytic cells.

Question 45. RBCs of frogs are:

1. Circular and non-nucleated
2. Oval and non-nucleated
3. Oval and nucleated
4. Circular and nucleated.

Answer: 3. Oval and nucleated

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Question 46. Blood platelets occur in only:

1. Mammals
2. Birds
3. Reptiles
4. Pisces.

Answer: 1. Mammals

Mcq On Animal Tissues Question 47. Interstitial fluid closely resembles:

1. Sea water
2. Lake water
3. Pond water
4. Rainwater.

Answer: 1. Seawater

Question 48. Bone is a:

1. Cell
2. Organ
3. Tissue
4. System.

Answer: 3. Tissue

Question 49. In the stratified epithelium, the basement membrane is in contact with the:

1. Upper layer
2. Second layer
3. Middle layer
4. Lowermost layer.

Answer: 4. Lowermost layer.

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Question 50. Microvilli are:

1. Group of tissues
2. Group of cells
3. Group of cell inclusions
4. Filiform processes of the plasma membrane.

Answer: 4. Filiform processes of the plasma membrane.

Question 51. Epithelium differs from connective and supporting tissue by the presence of:

1. More intercellular substance
2. More cellular substance
3. More cytoplasm
4. Myelin sheath.

Answer: 2. More cellular substance

Mcq On Animal Tissues Question 52. ln a nerve fibre the outermost layer is the:

1. Schwann’s white substance
2. Peritoneul layer
3. Neurilemma
4. Myelin sheath.

Answer: 3. Neurilemma

Question 53. Different fibres of connective tissue are made of special types of proteins. The white fibres are made of:

1. Collagen
2. Elastin
3. Myosin
4. Reticulin.

Answer: 1. Collagen

Question 54. Non-medullated nerve fibres are present in the following:

1. Spinal nerves
2. Autonomic nervous system
3. Central nervous system
4. Peripheral nervous system

Answer: 2. Autonomic nervous system

Animal Tissue Recommended MCQs Question 55. The layer of epidermis which contains the dividing cells is called the:

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Malpighi
3. Stratum lucidum
4. Stratum granulosum.

Answer: 2. Stratum Malpighi

Question 56. The sensation in the skin is perceived by:

1. The epidermis
2. Subcutaneous fatty layer
3. The dermis
4. Pigment cells.

Answer: 1. The epidermis

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Question 57. Sarooiemma is a membrane that covers:

1. Muscle fibres
2. Protein fibres
3. Nerve fibres
4. Collagen fibres

Answer: 1. Muscle fibres

Question 58. Labyrinth in the nucleus is seen in:

1. Neutrophil cells
2. Bone cells
3. Salivary gland cells of insects
4. Nerve fibres.

Answer: 3. Salivary gland cells of insects

Question 59. Where would you look for simple cuboidal epithelium?

1. Nephron
2. Trachea
3. Mouth
4. Oesophagus.

Answer: 1. Nephron

Animal Tissue Recommended MCQs Question 60. Which one of the following is the largest cell?

1. Monocyte
2. Basophil
3. Neutrophil
4. Eosinophil.

Answer: 1. Monocyte

Question 61. Ciliated epithelium in our body is found in:

1. Ureter
2. Bile duct
3. Trachea
4. Oesophagus.

Answer: 3. Trachea

Question 62. The highly contractile cytoplasm of muscle cells is called:

1. Neuroplasrn
2. Germplasm
3. Sarcoplasm
4. Plasmagel.

Answer: 3. Sarcoplasm

Question 63. The long and spindle-shaped uninucleate muscle fibres without dark and light bands are:

1. Unstriated
2. Striated
3. Voluntary
4. Cardiac.

Answer: 1. Unstriated

Question 64. Besides binding different organs, connective tissue also serves as:

1. Excretory organ
2. Sensory organ.
3. Defence system against infection
4. Osmo-regululory organ.

Answer: 3. Defence system against infection

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Animal Tissue Recommended MCQs Question 65. The undifferentiated connective tissue cells as seen in areolar tissue are:

1. Rnesothelium
2. Mesenchyme
3. Mesohyal
4. Mesenteric cells

Answer: 2. Mesenchyme

Question 66. The cells of connective tissue which help in bringing about the formation of libraries and helping in the repair of damaged tissues are:

1. Fibrocytes
2. Histiocytes
3. Lvlechanocytes
4. Lymphoidal cells.

Answer: 1. Fibrocytes

Question 67. Tire fibres which make the skin elastic are:

1. Yellow fibres
2. Striped muscle fibres
3. White fibres
4. Collagen fibres

Answer: 1. Yellow fibres

Question 68. The fibres which limit the elasticity of the skin are:

1. Yellow fibres
2. Smooth muscle fibres
3. White or collagen fibres
4. Striated muscle fibres.

Answer: 3. White or collagen fibres

Question 69. The cartilage with bundles of collagen fibres found in the intervertebral discs is called:

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrous cartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
4. Glass-like cartilage.

Answer: 2. Fibrous cartilage

Question 70. The bone cells are called:

1. Chondrocytes
2. Osteocytes
3. Fibrocytes
4. Histiocytes.

Answer: 2. Osteocytes

Neet Biology Structural Organization In Animals MCQs

Question 71. If a bone is heated at a high temperature animal matter is lost and only mineral matter is left. Such a bone is called:

1. Replacing bone
2. Dried bone
3. Calcified bone
4. Decalcified bone

Answer: 2. Dried bone

Structural Organisation In Animals MCQ For NEET Biology Question 72. If a bone is kept in HCI for some time, its mineral matter is dissolved and only animal matter is left behind. Such a bone is called:

1. Decalcified bone
2. Replacing bone
3. Calcified bone
4. None of these.

Answer: 1. Decalcified bone

Question 73. The red blood cells of naturals are produced from:

1. Haemocytoblasts
2. Megakaryoblasts
3. Promyelocyte
4. Nlyelocyte.

Answer: 1. Haemocytoblasts

Question 74. In humans, red blood cells are flattened, circular, biconcave and:

1. Nucleated
2. Non-nucleated
3. Multirrucleated
4. Syncytial.

Answer: 2. Non-nucleated

Neet Biology Structural Organization In Animals MCQs

Question 75. Serum differs from plasma in:

1. Absence of fibrinogen and other clotting factors
2. Having an excess of fibrinogen and other clotting factors
3. Absence of haemoglobin
4. Absence of haemocyanin.

Answer: 1. Absence of fibrinogen and other clotting factors

Question 76. Tendons are composed chiefly of:

1. Collagen fibres which form a criss-cross pattern
2. Collagen fibres which run in our direction
3. Etastin fibres which run in one direction
4. Fibro-carilage.

Answer: 2. Collagen fibres which run in our direction

Structural Organisation In Animals MCQ For NEET Biology Question 77. The life span of blood platelets is:

1. 3-5 days
2. 7-8 days
3. 100 days
4. Unlimited.

Answer: 1. 3-5 days

Question 78. The junction of the two neurons is termed:

1. Synapticula
2. Synopsis
3. Synapse
4. Junction.

Answer: 3. Synapse

Question 79. The process of burning bones, till it become white is called:

1. Calcination
2. Decalcification
3. Ossification
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Calcination

Question 80. Of the total inorganic components bone has calcium phosphate:

1. 62%
2. 10%
3. 85%
4. 5%

Answer: 3. 85%

Question 81. Muscle fibres are most close to:

1. Nerve fibre
2. Connective tissue
3. Skeletal tissue
4. Epithelial tissue.

Answer: 1. Nerve fibre

Neet Biology Structural Organization In Animals MCQs

Question 82. The cells in blood that are most affected by changes in oxygen tension in the blood are:

1. Basophils
2. Monocytes
3. Neutrophils
4. Oxyphils.

Answer: 4. Oxyphils.

Structural Organisation In Animals MCQ For NEET Biology Question 83. For clotting of blood which of the following is necessary:

1. Na⁺ and thromboplastin
2. Ca⁺⁺ and thromboplastin
3. Na⁺ and k⁺
4. Na⁺ and prothrombin.

Answer: 2. Ca⁺⁺ and thromboplastin

Question 84. Goblet cells constitute:

1. Stratified columnar and unicellular mucous glands
2. Stratified columnar, unicellular mucous glands and modified columnar cells
3. Stratified squamous epithelial cells
4. All the above.

Answer: 2. Stratified columnar, unicellular mucous glands and modified columnar cells

Question 85. Due to the presence of Krause’s membranes, striated muscle is divided into many:

1. Chromocentres
2. Sarcomeres
3. Micromeres
4. Chromomeres.

Answer: 2. Sarcomeres

Question 86. Polycythemia refers to:

1. Abnormal rise in total RBC count
2. Different types of RBCs
3. Fall in total RBC count
4. Changes in the RBC cell count.

Answer: 1. Abnormal rise in total RBC count

Question 87. Extracellulartissue material in connective tissue is made of:

1. Fat
2. Carbohydrates
3. Insoluble proteins
4. Soluble proteins.

Answer: 3. Insoluble proteins

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

Question 88. Fibre-free extracellular materiai is seen predominantly in:

1. Pia mater
2. Dura mater
3. Blood
4. Matrix.

Answer: 3. Blood

Question 89. Megakaryocytes are normally formed in:

1. Erythrocytes
2. Chondrocytes
3. Leucocytes
4. Bone marrow.

Answer: 4. Bone marrow.

Question 90. Great tensile strength is characteristic of:

1. White fibrocartilage tissue
2. Tendon
3. Bone
4. Areolar tissue.

Answer: 3. Bone

Solved NEET MCQs On Animal Tissues Question 91. The nasal septum has:

1. White fibrocartilage
2. Cartilage
3. Hyaline cartilage
4. Elastic cartilage.

Answer: 4. Elastic cartilage.

Question 92. The Dermis of the skin of a mammal is a structure produced by:

1. The regeneration cells of the skin
2. The malpighian layer
3. The dermal cell
4. None of the above.

Answer: 4. None of the above.

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

Question 93. Hair in mammals is:

1. Epidermal structures
2. Mesodermal structures
3. Dermal structures
4. Endodermal derivatives.

Answer: 1. Epidermal structures

Question 94. Mammary glands in nature are:

1. Apocrine
2. Merocrine
3. Holocrine
4. None of the above.

Answer: 1. Apocrine

Question 95. Large sweat glands are found on:

1. External ears
2. Tip of nose
3. Areola mammary
4. Back side of the body.

Answer: 3. Areola mammary

Question 96. The modification of the skin at the terminal part of the dorsal surface of phalanges results in the foundation of:

1. Wrinkles
2. Nails
3. Hair
4. Feathers.

Answer: 2. Nails

Solved NEET MCQs On Animal Tissues Question 97. It red blood corpuscles are placed in distilled Water, they will:

1. Shrink and collapse
2. Increase in volume and burst
3. Stick together
4. Remain normal.

Answer: 2. Increase in volume and burst

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 98. Bacteria and other pathogens are removed from bio-oil by:

1. Killing them with toxins
2. Phagocytosis by RBC’s
3. Phagocytosis by WBS’s
4. Blood coagulation around them.

Answer: 3. Phagocytosis by WBS’s

Question 99. Nerve cells originate from embryonic:

1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
4. Both (1) and (2).

Answer: 1. Ectoderm

Question 100. Dark A-bands and light l-bands occur in:

1. Cardiac muscles only
2. Striated muscles
3. Involuntary muscles
4. Unstriped muscles.

Answer: 2. Striated muscles

Question 101. Cardiac muscles are striated with fibres being:

1. Syncytial and voluntary
2. Multinucleated
3. Nucleated and voluntary
4. Nucleated and involuntary.

Answer: 4. Nucleated and involuntary.

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 102. If a clean dry bone (For Example. the femur of a frog) is kept in dil. HCl for about 3 days, it:

1. Breaks into pieces
2. Becomes soft and elastic
3. Dissolves
4. Remains unchanged.

Answer: 2. Becomes soft and elastic

Solved NEET MCQs On Animal Tissues Question 103. The collection of nerve cells inside the central nervous system is known as:

1. Ganglia
2. Nucleus
3. Association neurons
4. Adjustor neuron.

Answer: 1. Ganglia

Question 104. In which of the following organs squamous epithelium is likely to be found as a lining?

1. Uterus
2. Gall bladder
3. Intestine
4. Blood vessels.

Answer: 4. Blood vessels.

Question 105. The cells secreting heparin and serotonin are:

1. Lymphoid cells
2. Mast cells
3. Fibroblasts
4. Macrophages.

Answer: 2. Mast cells

 Question 106. Bone marrow is largely composed of:

1. Periosteum and osteoblasts
2. Adipose tissue and blood vessels
3. Yellow and elastic tissue
4. Cartilage and elastic tissue.

Answer: 1. Periosteum and osteoblasts

Question 107. Serotonin in the blood:

1. Relaxes blood vessels
2. Helps in clotting of blood vessels
3. Constricts blood vessels
4. Prevents clotting of blood.

Answer: 3. Constricts blood vessels

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 108. The marrow cavity present at the end of a long bone is internally lined by:

1. Periosteum
2. Endosteum
3. Epiosteum
4. Sarcolemma.

Answer: 1. Periosteum

Question 109. Which of the following damaged cells cannot be repaired?

1. Dermal cells
2. Bone cells
3. Brain cells
4. Liver cells.

Answer: 3. Brain cells

Question 110. Which of the following is responsible for the regeneration of cartilage?

1. Collagenous fibres
2. Blood vessels
3. Perichondrium
4. Matrix.

Answer: 3. Perichondrium

Mcq On Animal Tissues Question 111. The chief regulators of mammalian blood composition are:

1. Heart and arteries
2. Liver and kidneys
3. Lungs and pancreas
4. Thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Answer: 2. Liver and kidneys

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 112. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes are:

1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
3. Lymphocytes
4. Monocytes.

Answer: 1. Granulocytes

Question 113. The covering of the heart muscles is known as:

1. Pericardium
2. Pia mater
3. Peritoneum
4. Pleural membrane.

Answer: 1. Pericardium

Question 114. The ends of the thrones are covered with elastic rubber-like things called:

1. Cartilage
2. Muscles
3. Tendons
4. Ligaments.

Answer: 4. Ligaments.

Question 115. The type of cartilage seen in the epiglottis is:

1. Fibrous cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Hyaline cartilage
4. Calcified cartilage.

Answer: 2. Elastic cartilage

Question 116. Brush border is a peculiarity of:

1. Secretory cells
2. Absorptive cells
3. Trone cells
4. Nerve cells.

Answer: 2. Absorptive cells

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Question 117. The stratified epithelium in which the outermost layer becomes keratinized is found in:

1. Skin
2. Vagina
3. Nasal chamber
4. Lips.

Answer: 1. Skin

Question 118. Histiocytes found in connective tissue are helpful in:

1. Forming the blood cells after division
2. Collecting at the place of bacterial infection
3. Phagocytizing the sand particles
4. All the above.

Answer: 3. Phagocytizing the sand particles

Question 119. Which of the following secretes the bulk of the antibodies in the body?

1. Macrophages
2. Plasma cells
3. Fibroblasts
4. Mast cells.

Answer: 2. Fibroblasts

Question 120. The cartilage found in the external ear and epiglottis is:

1. Fibrous cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Hyaline cartilage
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Elastic cartilage

Previous Year Neet Questions On Animal Tissues

Question 121. The neck of the tubular gland of the stomach consists of mainly:

1. Chief cells
2. Mucous cells
3. Parietal cells
4. None of the above.

Answer: 2. Mucous cells

Animal Tissue Recommended MCQs  Question 122. Although the heart is an involuntary organ the fibres are different from the smooth muscle fibres in possessing:

1. Tendons
2. Sarcosryles
3. Sarcoplasm
4. Stratification.

Answer: 4. Stratification.

Question 123. The similarity between voluntary muscle fibres and cardiac muscle fibres is that they are both:

1. Syncytic
2. Branched
3. Unbranched
4. Non-nuclear.

Answer: 1. Syncytic

Question 124. Blood is formed of:

1. Plasma and cells formed in bone marrow
2. Plasma and R.B.C.
3. Plasma and blood platelets
4. Plasma and W.B.C.

Answer: 1. Plasma and cells formed in bone marrow

Question 125. Which type of tissue changes the diameter of blood vessels?

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Nenous
4. Muscular.

Answer: 4. Muscular.

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 126. The camel’s hump is composed of a tissue which provides water when oxidized; it is:

1. Skeletal
2. Muscular
3. Adipose
4. Areolar.

Answer: 3. Adipose

Question 127. The umbilical cord is:

1. A mucous connective tissue
2. A fibrous tissue
3. An embryonic connective tissue
4. An adult connective tissue.

Answer: 3. An embryonic connective tissue

Question 128. The adipose tissue is composed of a mixture of:

1. Stearin and olein
2. Olein and palmitin
3. Stearin, palmatine and olein
4. None of the above.

Answer: 3. Stearin, palmatine and olein

Question 129. The Myofibrils of a muscle fibre contain:

1. Myosin
2. Actin
3. ATPase
4. All of the above.

Answer: 4. All of the above.

Question 130. In the axon of a motor nerve fibre, the nerve impulse travels:

1. Towards the cell body
2. Away from the cell body
3. Away from the synapse
4. In both directions.

Answer: 2. Away from the cell body

Question 131. What type of dense connective tissue is tunica albuginea?

1. Loose
2. Tough fibrous
3. Vascular
4. Mucous connective tissue

Answer: 2. Tough fibrous

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 132. The Matrix of a bone is composed of:

1. Chondrin
2. Ostein
3. Auxin
4. Ossein.

Answer: 4. Ossein.

Question 133. Unstriped muscle fibres are found in:

1. Thigh
2. Iris
3. Tongue
4. Eye muscles.

Answer: 2. Iris

Question 134. Scheiderian epithelium is found in:

1. Trachea
2. Nasal passage
3. Bowman’s capsule
4. Loop of Henle.

Answer: 2. Nasal passage

Question 135. A sprain is caused by excessive pulling of:

1. Muscles
2. Ligaments
3. Tendons
4. Nerves.

Answer: 2. Ligaments

Muscular And Nervous Tissue Mcqs Neet

Question 136. Which of the following cells are found to be constant inhabitants of loose connective tissue?

1. Fibroblasts, histiocytes, mast cells, plasma cells and wandering haemocytes
2. Fibres and haemocytes
3. Fibroblasts and histiocytes
4. Mast cells and amoebocytes.

Answer: 3. Fibroblasts and histiocytes

Question 137. Which type of tissue forms the thin surface for gas exchange in the lungs?

1. Connective
2. Nervous
3. Epithelial
4. Muscular.

Answer: 3. Epithelial

Structural Organisation In Animals MCQ For NEET Biology Question 138. The component of blood responsible for producing antibodies is:

1. Thrombocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Lymphocytes
4. Erythrocytes.

Answer: 3. Lymphocytes

Question 139. The thick sheath of connective tissue enclosing the entire peripheral nerve is known as:

1. Epineurium
2. Perineurium
3. Endoneurium
4. Amphicyte.

Answer: 1. Epineurium

Question 140. Possible function of Nissl bodies is:

1. Protein synthesis
2. RNA synthesis
3. RNA storage
4. Impulse conduction.

Answer: 1. Protein synthesis

Question 141. Cells which secrete histamine occur in:

1. Liver
2. Lungs
3. Connective tissue
4. Stomach.

Answer: 3. Connective tissue

Animal Tissues Mcq For Neet

Question 142. Which of the tissues is most widely distributed in the body forming major Parts?

1. Nervous tissue
2. Muscular tissue
3. Epithelial tissue
4. Connective tissue.

Answer: 4. Connective tissue.

Question 143. The pinna is made up of:

1. Bone
2. Tendon
3. Ligament
4. Cartilage.

Answer: 4. Cartilage.

Question 144. Neurosecretory cells secrete:

1. Releasing factors
2. Enzymes
3. Sweat
4. Mucus.

Answer: 1. Releasing factors

Structural Organisation In Animals MCQ For NEET Biology Question 145. Cartilage receives its nutrition through:

1. Diffusion
2. Lymphatic channels
3. Hlnod vessels
4. Diffusion and imbibation.

Answer: 1. Diffusion

Question 146. Which one of the following cartilages helps in the easy birth of young ones without damage to the pelvic girdle?

1. Hyaline Cartilage
2. Fibrous Cartilage
3. Elastic Cartilage
4. None Of The Above.

Answer: 2. Fibrous Cartilage

Question 147. The fibrous membrane surrounding the several bundles of nerve fibres is:

1. Myelin sheath
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium
4. Neurilemma.

Answer: 3. Epineurium

Question 148. Redbone marrow is Present in:

1. Tips of long bones
2. Tips for Short Bones
3. Bones of skull
4. Shafts of longlines

Answer: 1. Tips for long bones

Question 149. In the elastic cartilage, the arrangement of elastic fibres in the ground substance is:

1. Parallel
2. Diagonal
3. Random
4. In branched anastomoses.

Answer: 4. In branched anastomoses.